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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Draw the equation for polyethene |
Back (Definition) |
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Define incomplete combustion |
Burns with limited air supply |
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What does complete combustion produce |
Co2 and water vapour |
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What does incomplete combustion produce? |
Either carbon and water vapour OR carbon monoxide |
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What are alkanes? |
Single bond |
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What are alkanes |
Share electrons between ONE double bond |
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What are alcohols? |
Has one hydroxyl attached to a carbon instead of one H |
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1 |
Meth |
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2 |
Eth |
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3 |
Prop |
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4 |
But |
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5 |
Pent |
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6 |
Hex |
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7 |
Hept |
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8 |
Oct |
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As the number of carbon chains increase..... |
....the boiling point increases, more chains to break |
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What breaks during boiling in a covalent bond |
The intermolecular forces NOT the covalent bonds |
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What is the acronym to help you remember the prefixes? |
Manny eats pork buns, penny helps happy oldies |
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What is the general formula to work out alkanes? |
CnH2n+2 |
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What is the general formula to work out alkanes? |
CnH2n+2 |
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What is the general formula to work out Alkenes? |
CnH2n |
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What is the general formula to work out alkanes? |
CnH2n+2 |
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What is the general formula to work out Alkenes? |
CnH2n |
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What is the general formula to work out alcohols? |
CnH2n+1OH |
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Why has something got a higher boiling point? |
If there is a longer carbon chain, there will be a higher boiling point as there is more intermolecular forces meaning more energy is needed to over come this |
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Describe what makes a boiling or melting point? |
The longer the carbon chain - higher boiling point |
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Describe what makes a boiling or melting point? |
The longer the carbon chain - higher boiling point |
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What is the solubility of Alkenes, alkanes and alcohols? |
Alkenes and alkanes - insoluble in water, alcohols - soluble |
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Describe what makes a boiling or melting point? |
The longer the carbon chain - higher boiling point |
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What is the solubility of Alkenes, alkanes and alcohols? |
Alkenes and alkanes - insoluble in water, alcohols - soluble |
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How do you tell the difference between a Alkene and an alkane? |
Add bromine water - Alkene discolours BW |
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What is more likely to undergo incomplete combustion? |
Alkenes |
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What is more likely to undergo incomplete combustion? |
Alkenes |
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Why do long chain alkanes make bad fuels |
They don't flow or ignite |
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What does cracking produce? |
Smaller chained alkenes and alkanes |
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What does cracking produce? |
Smaller chained alkenes and alkanes |
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What needs to happen for a long chained alkane to crack |
Heat and a catalyst |
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What does cracking produce? |
Smaller chained alkenes and alkanes |
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What needs to happen for a long chained alkane to crack |
Heat and a catalyst |
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What are cracked alkanes used for |
Fuels and to make polymers for plastic |
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What does cracking produce? |
Smaller chained alkenes and alkanes |
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What needs to happen for a long chained alkane to crack |
Heat and a catalyst |
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What are cracked alkanes used for |
Fuels and to make polymers for plastic |
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What is fractional distillation? |
The seperate on of crude oil |
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What does cracking produce? |
Smaller chained alkenes and alkanes |
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What needs to happen for a long chained alkane to crack |
Heat and a catalyst |
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What are cracked alkanes used for |
Fuels and to make polymers for plastic |
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What is fractional distillation? |
The seperate on of crude oil |
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What is crude oil? |
A mixture of short and long hydrocarbons |
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What does cracking produce? |
Smaller chained alkenes and alkanes |
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What needs to happen for a long chained alkane to crack |
Heat and a catalyst |
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What are cracked alkanes used for |
Fuels and to make polymers for plastic |
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What is fractional distillation? |
The seperate on of crude oil |
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What is crude oil? |
A mixture of short and long hydrocarbons |
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What exists in a fractional distillation column? |
A temperature gradient |
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What does cracking produce? |
Smaller chained alkenes and alkanes |
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What needs to happen for a long chained alkane to crack |
Heat and a catalyst |
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What are cracked alkanes used for |
Fuels and to make polymers for plastic |
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What is fractional distillation? |
The seperate on of crude oil |
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What is crude oil? |
A mixture of short and long hydrocarbons |
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What exists in a fractional distillation column? |
A temperature gradient |
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List the steps of FD |
1) hot crude oil is added 2) hydrocarbons with a low melting point rise to the top to get collected as gas 3) hydrocarbons with high boiling points condense at various layers and are collected as a liquid |
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What does cracking produce? |
Smaller chained alkenes and alkanes |
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What needs to happen for a long chained alkane to crack |
Heat and a catalyst |
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What are cracked alkanes used for |
Fuels and to make polymers for plastic |
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What is fractional distillation? |
The seperate on of crude oil |
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What is crude oil? |
A mixture of short and long hydrocarbons |
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What exists in a fractional distillation column? |
A temperature gradient |
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List the steps of FD |
1) hot crude oil is added 2) hydrocarbons with a low melting point rise to the top to get collected as gas 3) hydrocarbons with high boiling points condense at various layers and are collected as a liquid |
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What is a polymer |
Chain made of monomers |
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What does cracking produce? |
Smaller chained alkenes and alkanes |
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What needs to happen for a long chained alkane to crack |
Heat and a catalyst |
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What are cracked alkanes used for |
Fuels and to make polymers for plastic |
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What is fractional distillation? |
The seperate on of crude oil |
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What is crude oil? |
A mixture of short and long hydrocarbons |
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What exists in a fractional distillation column? |
A temperature gradient |
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List the steps of FD |
1) hot crude oil is added 2) hydrocarbons with a low melting point rise to the top to get collected as gas 3) hydrocarbons with high boiling points condense at various layers and are collected as a liquid |
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What is a polymer |
Chain made of monomers |
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What is polymer normally made out of? |
Unsaturated hydrocarbons such as alkenes |
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What does cracking produce? |
Smaller chained alkenes and alkanes |
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What needs to happen for a long chained alkane to crack |
Heat and a catalyst |
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What are cracked alkanes used for |
Fuels and to make polymers for plastic |
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What is fractional distillation? |
The seperate on of crude oil |
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What is crude oil? |
A mixture of short and long hydrocarbons |
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What exists in a fractional distillation column? |
A temperature gradient |
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List the steps of FD |
1) hot crude oil is added 2) hydrocarbons with a low melting point rise to the top to get collected as gas 3) hydrocarbons with high boiling points condense at various layers and are collected as a liquid |
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What is a polymer |
Chain made of monomers |
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What is polymer normally made out of? |
Unsaturated hydrocarbons such as alkenes |
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What is polypropene used for? And why is it suited to its job? |
Plastic bottles, bank notes, straws. - insoluble in water, doesn't react with food, water and me, resistant to stress |
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What does cracking produce? |
Smaller chained alkenes and alkanes |
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Why is polythene used for and why is it suited to its job? |
Plastic wrap. - flexible, insoluble in water, chemically inert |
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What needs to happen for a long chained alkane to crack |
Heat and a catalyst |
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What are cracked alkanes used for |
Fuels and to make polymers for plastic |
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What is fractional distillation? |
The seperate on of crude oil |
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What is crude oil? |
A mixture of short and long hydrocarbons |
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What exists in a fractional distillation column? |
A temperature gradient |
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List the steps of FD |
1) hot crude oil is added 2) hydrocarbons with a low melting point rise to the top to get collected as gas 3) hydrocarbons with high boiling points condense at various layers and are collected as a liquid |
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What is a polymer |
Chain made of monomers |
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What is polymer normally made out of? |
Unsaturated hydrocarbons such as alkenes |
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What is polypropene used for? And why is it suited to its job? |
Plastic bottles, bank notes, straws. - insoluble in water, doesn't react with food, water and me, resistant to stress |
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What does cracking produce? |
Smaller chained alkenes and alkanes |
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Why is polythene used for and why is it suited to its job? |
Plastic wrap. - flexible, insoluble in water, chemically inert |
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How does plastic waste negatively affect the environment? |
Take ages to break down as they are insoluble in water and chemically inert. Fish eat them - we eat fish |
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What needs to happen for a long chained alkane to crack |
Heat and a catalyst |
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What are cracked alkanes used for |
Fuels and to make polymers for plastic |
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What is fractional distillation? |
The seperate on of crude oil |
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What is crude oil? |
A mixture of short and long hydrocarbons |
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What exists in a fractional distillation column? |
A temperature gradient |
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List the steps of FD |
1) hot crude oil is added 2) hydrocarbons with a low melting point rise to the top to get collected as gas 3) hydrocarbons with high boiling points condense at various layers and are collected as a liquid |
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What is a polymer |
Chain made of monomers |
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What is polymer normally made out of? |
Unsaturated hydrocarbons such as alkenes |
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What is polypropene used for? And why is it suited to its job? |
Plastic bottles, bank notes, straws. - insoluble in water, doesn't react with food, water and me, resistant to stress |
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What are alcohols used for |
Solvents and car fuel |
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What are alcohols used for |
Solvents and car fuel |
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Define fermentation |
An enzyme controlled reaction in which bacteria and fungi break down carbs into ethanol, co2 and heat |
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What are alcohols used for |
Solvents and car fuel |
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Define fermentation |
An enzyme controlled reaction in which bacteria and fungi break down carbs into ethanol, co2 and heat |
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What is the equation for fermentation |
Sugar >> alcohol + co2 |
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What is saturated |
Chain of carbon lengths linked together by single bonds - ALKANES |
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What is saturated |
Chain of carbon lengths linked together by single bonds - ALKANES |
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What is unsaturated |
ALKENES - double bond (covalent) |
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What are the 5 |
Lpg, naphtha, petrol, diesel, bitumen |
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Are ALKENES saturated and unsaturated? |
Unsaturated meaning they are more reactive. Alkanes are saturated |
