Carbohydrates:sugars, Starches, And Fibers

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Carbohydrates

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Compound composed of Carbon, Oxygen and hydrogen arranges as a Monosaccharaides.

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Sugars

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A simple carbohydrate composed of monosaccharaides and disaccharides

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Monosaccaride

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Carbohydrate of the general formula CnH2nOn. typically a single ring.

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Four main types of Atoms found in nutrients

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1Hydrogen

2Oxygen

3nitrogen

4Carbon

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Glucose

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A monosaccharide; sometimes known as blood sugar or dextrose in food.

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Fructose

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A monosaccharide; Commonly found in fruit.

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Galactose

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A monosaccharide; part of the disaccharide lactose.

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Disaccharides

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a Pair of monosaccharides linked together.

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Condensation

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A chemical reaction in which water is released as two molecules combine to form one larger product.

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Maltose

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a disaccharide composed of two glucose units; some times known as mat sugar.

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Sucrose

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A disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose; table sugar.

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Lactose

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A disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose; Milk sugar

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Polysaccharide

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compound composed of many monosaccharides.

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Glyogen

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Animal Polysaccharide; A storage form of Glucose made and stored in lover and muscles.`

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Starh

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Plant Polysaccharide; composed many glucose molecules.

Amylopectin

amylose

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Dietary fiber

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Non-starch polysaccharide, can not be digested by the body.

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Soluble fibers

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Non-starch Polysaccharide the dissolves I water to form a gel.

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Fermentable

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The extent to which bacteria in the GI tract can break down fiber to fragments.

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Insoluble fibers

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Non-starch polysaccharide the do not dissolve n water.

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Resistant starches

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Starches the escape digestion in the small intestine.

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Phytic acid

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Binds with minerals to prevent absorption.

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Amylase

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enzyme that breaks down carbohydrate amylose.

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Lactose intolerance

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Condition that results from the inability to digest the milk sugar lactose.

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Lactose Definiency

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Lacking the enzyme required to digest the disaccharide lactose into a monosaccaharide.

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Gluconeogenesis

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Making of glucose from a noncarbohydrate source.

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Ketone Bodies

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Produced during the incomplete breakdown of fat when there in no glucose in cell.

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Ketosis

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High concentration of ketone bodies in blood or urine.

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Acid-base balance

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balance in the body between acid and base concentration.

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Insulin

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A hormone secreted by the pancreas when there is a elevated amount of blood glucose.

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Glucagon

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a hormone secreted by pancreas cells when blood glucose in too low.

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Epinephrine

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A hormone of the adrenal gland; stress response.

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Diabetes

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A chronic disorder of carbohydrates metabolism, resulting in ineffective insulin.

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Type 1 Diabetes

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Pancreas produces little to no insulin

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Type 2 Diabetes

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Cells fail to respond to insulin

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Hypoglycemia

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Abnormally low blood glucose.

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Glycemic

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The extent to which a food raises blood glucose and elicits a insulin response.

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Glycemic Index

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A method of classifying foods according to their potential for raising blood glucose.