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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Active listening
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Form of listening that requires that the listener devote complete attention to the speaker and take responsibility for understanding the message.
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Channels
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A modality of communication, or the medium in which the message is sent, such as oral, verbal, or written form.
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Communication
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The successful transmission of a message between a source and a receiver.
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Common ground
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Shared interests, beliefs, or opinions among people or groups who disagree about most other subjects. It includes the assumptions that we make about each other, about mutual interests, about shared values, and about awareness of individual interests.
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Cooperative principle
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The belief that someone speaking is making an honest attempt to be understood.
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Decoding
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The process in which a receiver determines how a message was encoded, why it was sent, and what to do with it once it is received. Decoding requires listening or reading and placing the message in context.
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Downward communication
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Information flow from individuals at higher levels within an organization to those at lower levels.
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Encoding
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Putting information into a form or code that can be sent and understood by a receiver.
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Feedback
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Information about how a learner is performing; necessary for both learning and motivation.
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Formal communication
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Written or oral messages that are sent in the context of an official action or otherwise are presented as the directive of an office or officer of an organization or as following the directive or request of an officer.
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Grapevine
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An informal pattern of communication that moves in any direction; a system of communicating information, gossip, and rumors through informal networks.
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Informal communication
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All the messages other than official directives or requests made in an organization.
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Lateral communication
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The exchange of information between peers or workers at the same organizational level. Also called horizontal communication.
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Message
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The specific physical form given to information so that it can be sent to a receiver.
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Nonverbal communication
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Nonverbal communication can be conveyed in both oral and written forms. It consists of gestures, body position, voice inflection, eye contact, the use of humor, confidence, and so on.
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Receiver
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The target of a message.
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Upward communication
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Messages flow from workers at lower levels to managers and workers at higher levels of an organizational structure.
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Sender
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Individual responsible for encoding a message in a manner that can be decoded by the receiver.
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