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150 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A simplified model of Human Information Processing (HIP) include human resources such as:
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memory
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HIP (human information processing) is a model about user activity, which involves human resources such as:
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perceptual processor
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HIP, which stands for ___ is an important model used in HCI cognitive engineering.
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Human Information Processing
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User task performance reflects the ___ of performing a task
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efficiency and effectiveness
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Cognitive performance reflects:
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speed and accuracy of performing an information-processing task
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The accuracy of an information processing task, which together with speed reflect the cognitive performance, depends on:
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the capacity of human memory to store data
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Automatic behavior refers to behavior characterized by:
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fast and cognitively undemanding cognitive process
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Automatic behavior is a kind of:
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cognitive processes
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An example of automatic behavior is:
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copying a file
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Controlled behavior refers to behavior characterized by:
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relatively slow and cognitively demanding cognitive process
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In HCI design, controlled behavior is an issue concerned with:
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cognitive engineering
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An example of controlled behavior is:
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inventing a new device
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Units of images usually have relations that are:
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in parallel
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Processing of images is characterized as:
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holistic
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Which of the following statements about image processing is appropriate?
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Processing of images is more holistic than processing of verbal information;
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The functional and logical relationships between verbal descriptions are usually:
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procedural
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Processing of verbal information is characterized as:
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linguistic
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Which of the following statements about verbal information processing is appropriate?
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Processing of verbal information is more linguistic than processing of images
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Heuristics are rules of thumb to perform a task that depend heavily on:
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task content
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Heuristics are a kind of:
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task-doing rules
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In the following statements about heuristics, the appropriate one is:
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Heuristics are vulnerable to changes in context.
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Metaphor is a cognitive process in which an experience is related to:
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an already familiar concept
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Constructing metaphors is a kind of:
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cognitive process
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In the following statements about metaphor, the appropriate one is
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Metaphors help users overcome cognitive limitations in complex tasks
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Mental model is a/an ___ of a device or a system
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human representation of the conceptual structure
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In HCI cognitive engineering, mental models refer to human representations of:
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conceptual structure of a device or a system
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Which of the following statements about mental models, appropriate:
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Mental models help users overcome cognitive limitation in complex tasks
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Complexity of HCI refers to the amount of ___ resources needed for interacting with the computer to accomplish a task.
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human
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In human-computer interaction, a factor that can affect the complexity of a task perceived by a user could be:
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the system used for this task
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Which of the following statements about “perceived complexity of HCI” is correct?
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Given the same task and the same task doer, when the system to be used for the task changes, the perceived complexity of HCI would vary as well
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Gulf of execution is:
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the gap between a user’s goal and its computerized implementation
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Gulf of evaluation refers to:
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the gap between the computerized implementation of a user’s goal and its evaluation by the user
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In Norman’s seven stage model of user activity, which of the following is a stage in the direction from HUMAN to COMPUTER:
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action specification
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Based on Norman’s seven stage model of user activity, one stage in the direction from COMPUTER to HUMAN is:
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evaluate the interpretation against the expectation based on intentions
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Please select the appropriate statement about Norman’s seven stage model of user activity from the following:
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The seven stages jointly describe a user activity for a particular goal;
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Which of the following is an element of GOMS model?
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goals
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In a GOMS description, the role of operators is:
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to act as the building blocks for describing human-computer interaction at the concrete level
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GOMS model is used to:
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define the human processor and memory needed for a user activity
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GOMS is the abbreviation for:
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goal, operator, methods, selection
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Errors refer to deviations from:
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intentional behavior
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An error in skill-based behavior can be caused by:
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inattention
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Overattention is a cause for errors in skill-based behavior. Which of the following is an example of overattention?
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While typing, the user checked the work from time to time before it was necessary, and typed repeated characters
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Skill-based behavior has the characteristic of:
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requiring minimal cognitive resources
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An example of skill-based behavior is:
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entering students’ exam scores into a grade system
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Rule-based behavior has the characteristic of:
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being contingent on particular situation
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An example of Rule-based behavior is:
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judging the quality of a product against standards
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Knowledge-based behavior has the characteristic of:
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requiring generation of new rules of behavior
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An example of knowledge-based behavior is:
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developing a new advertisement design
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Cognitive fit in HCI refers to the fit between:
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characteristics of user’s problem solving strategy and problem representation displayed on the screen
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An appropriate statement about cognitive fit in the following is:
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Cognitive fit can be seen as a determinant of low HCI complexity
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Affect is a general term that refers to ___ processes and states.
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psychological
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In HCI, affect means ___.
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a set of psychological process and states that influence human-computer interaction
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Which of the following is a psychological process and state that can be called affect?
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moods
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Affective engineering is about:
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the application of affect in the development of HCI
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In the HCI context, affective quality exists within which of the following objects
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computer system
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The affective quality of an object (related to computer system) enables it to change its users’:
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core affect
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The affective quality of an object (related to computer system) is its quality to:
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cause a change in a user’s core affect
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A core affect is:
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a neurophysiological state
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Which of the following is a dimension of core effect?
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activated-nonactivated
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Which of the following is a core affect that a person may have?
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elated and happy
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Emotion has the characteristic of:
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being intentional
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One’s emotion is related to his/her ___ .
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a core affect
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Moods of human being are ___ that exist within a person independently of external objects.
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unintentional core affects
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Moods are attributes that belong to:
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a person
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Affective impression is a user’s appraisal of an object’s affective qualities in terms of ___.
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their capacity to impact feelings
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Affective impression is the result of a perception process with ___ as the input.
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an object’s affective quality
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Affective impression is a user’s appraisal of the ___ qualities of HCI.
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affective
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In HCI, interactivity is the extent to which a user can:
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manipulate and communicate with a computer in real time;
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In the context of HCI, interactivity can influence a user’s attitudes and behavior through influencing her ___ .
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core affects
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A system’s interactivity has the ability to influence:
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user’s mood
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In HCI, vividness refers to:
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the richness of representation in the human-computer interface
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A system’s vividness can be influenced by:
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the system’s sensory breadth
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Which is an appropriate statement about vividness:
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The vividness of a system depends on the system’s sensory breadth and depth;
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Which of the following is among the major concerns in affective engineering?
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adapting the computer’s state to fit the user’s affective state
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What is the work that should be done at the “modeling affect” phase in the affective engineering for a system?
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anticipate the relevant types of emotions that a user may have in using the system
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In the following, which one is the concern that forms the basis for all other concerns in the affective engineering for a system?
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modeling affect in the user and the computer
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Anthropomorphic designs of computer systems make the systems appear as though they were:
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human beings
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An attitude towards a computer system is:
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a summary evaluation of the computer system
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Which of the following is a measure of attitudes toward a computer?
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likable-dislikable
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Please select the appropriate statement about attitude from the following.
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A user’s attitude toward a system can help predict how he/she will interact with the system.
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TAM, which stands for ___, explains users’ attitudes toward using a system.
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Technology Acceptance Model
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In TAM, a factor that can affect a user’s behavioral intention to use a system is:
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the user’s belief that using the system will enhance his/her performance
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TAM is widely used to predict:
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the acceptance and use of information technology
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Perceived usefulness of a computer system refers to users’ belief that using the system will:
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enhance their performance;
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Perceived usefulness with a computer system plays an important role in forming:
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users’ attitude toward using the system
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According to the Technology Acceptance Model, which of the following statements about perceived usefulness is appropriate?
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Users’ perceived usefulness with a system has influences on their actual use of the system;
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Perceived ease of use of a computer system refers to users’ belief that using the system will:
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be free of effort;
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Perceived ease of use with a computer system can directly influence:
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a user’s attitude toward using the system
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Which of the following statements about perceived ease of use is appropriate?
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The perceived ease of use with a system plays an important role in predicting a user’s intention to use the system;
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Perceived enjoyment with a system is the extent that a user believes :
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fun can be derived from using the system.
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In HCI, perceived enjoyment is a quality of:
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a computer system
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Computer anxiety taps ___.
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users’ fears of the consequences of using computers
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Computer anxiety is a kind of ___.
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emotion
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In human-computer interaction, satisfaction is a positive affect resulting from:
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the user’s evaluation of the use of the computer system
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A user’s satisfaction with the use of a computer system depends on the comparison of:
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user’s expectations vs. user’s experience
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Computer self-efficacy refers to a person’s evaluation of:
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his/her capabilities to use computers in diverse situations
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Which of the following statements about computer self-efficacy is appropriate?
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Training can help increase users’ computer self-efficacy;
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In a human-computer interaction, flow is:
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an optimal experience that the user has
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In human-computer interaction, flow is a user’s optimal experience of control, focus of attention, curiosity and ___.
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intrinsic interest
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Which of the following can be called a flow?
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a successful online shopping experience that is enjoyable
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Evaluation is the process of careful appraisal and study to determine several aspects of something that is of interest. These aspects include:
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significance
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While an information system is developed, the evaluation of it should happen:
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in entire life cycle
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Which of the following is a topic in Development Evaluations of an information system?
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system functionality
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Usability testing should be conducted in:
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use and impact evaluations
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A primary purpose of the Use and Impact Evaluation of an information system is:
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understanding system impacts on users’ activities
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In the development lifecycle of an interactive system, when should the Use and Impact Evaluation be conducted?
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system use stage
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Which of the following is a characteristic of the Use and Impact Evaluation of an information system?
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It aims at finding out the influences on users and the organization from the use of this system.
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Which of the following could be a motivation for a user to interact with an information system (e.g. a computer, the Internet, a mobile phone, etc)?
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a need to send a message to family members
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Which of the following user needs should be considered when developing HCI support for an information system?
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users’ affective factors
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The uncomfortableness in users’ eyes caused by too bright screen is an example of ___ concern in HCI.
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physical
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Within an organizational context, an example of the extrinsic motivation of using an information system could be:
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the perceived usefulness of using this system to improve work performance
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In the development of an information system, when should formative evaluation be conducted?
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when the system is being developed
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The purpose of doing formative evaluation in a system development is to:
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form or influence design decisions
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Which of the following should be examined in summative evaluation of an information system?
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whether the system meets predefined requirements
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The summative evaluation in a system development happens:
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when the system is ready in design before release
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For a longitudinal evaluation of an information system, the data collection is:
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a repeated process
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Which is an appropriate statement about longitudinal evaluation ?
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Longitudinal evaluation of an information system has the ability to reveal its dynamic natures;
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In the following statements about formative and summative evaluation, which one is correct?
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Formative evaluation influences the design of the target system;
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The usability of a system refers to its quality with respect to aspects such as:
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ease of learning
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The usability of a system is a concept that should be discussed within given context, which depends on factors such as:
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specified users
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According to Jakob Nielsen, usability is a multi-dimensional property of a system. One of these multiple attributes of usability is:
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learnability
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Usefulness of an information system is an issue about:
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whether the system can be used to achieve some desired goal;
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Which of the following is an example characteristic that an information system with good usefulness could have?
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the system can help users do a task that was not possible without it
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Usability engineering is a process that
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happens throughout a system’s development
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In usability engineering, what is the task that should be done throughout a system’s development process?
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measuring the system’s usability characteristics
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Universal usability is a usability issue that pertains to:
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the diverse user population of an information system across the world
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Which of the following is a question to be addressed in dealing with universal usability of an information system?
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What are the cultural differences exist in all potential users of the system?
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In the following evaluation methods for information systems, which one requires data from users?
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field experiment
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Field experiment is an evaluation method that:
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draws conclusion based on empirical data;
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In the following statements about analytical and empirical evaluations, which one is correct?
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Evidence collected from users is required for empirical evaluations
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Heuristic evaluation method has the characteristic of:
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easy to apply
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As a heuristic evaluation method, the HOMERUN heuristics are good for the evaluation of usability of:
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commercial websites
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Guideline review requires participation of __ in its implementation.
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system designers
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Guideline review is a ___ method to evaluate information systems.
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analytical
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Cognitive walk-through is a system evaluation method that:
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simulates the steps of a user’s problem-solving process
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Which of the following description about cognitive walk-through is appropriate?
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Before doing cognitive walk-through, assumptions about the user population of an information system should be defined;
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Focus Group is a form of:
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interview
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When the focus group method is utilized for the evaluation of a system, questions for respondents are administered by:
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evaluator
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“The reliability of results depends on the truthfulness of respondents’ self-report” is a problem in collecting data from computer users. This problem usually happens to the method of:
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survey
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In the following statements about survey, which one is correct?
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The anonymity of respondents in survey can encourage more candid and honest responses;
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The advantage of the survey method includes:
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respondents are encouraged to provide honest responses because of the anonymity in a survey
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Lab Experiment is a good method for system evaluation when:
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evaluators have a clear focus on specific consequences of design features on users performance;
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Which of the following is a step that should be included in the lab experiment on the evaluation of an information system?
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developing theory-driven hypotheses to be tested
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Field study differentiates itself from other empirical evaluation methods in:
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the evaluation settings
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When evaluators want to understand actual user experience in real-world situations with minimum interruption to them, which of the following methods would be good to use?
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ethnographic observation
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Standards are applied for:
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achieving consistency across the same type of products;
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An information system developed based on standards has the ability to indicate its:
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quality
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CIF stands for:
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Common Industry Format
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Common Industry Format is used for:
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reporting summative usability test findings about an information system
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Which of the following are concerned with Common Industry Format?
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usability professionals
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