Canine Thoracic Limb

Front 1

Tendon

Back 1

A tendon is dense, regularly arranged fibrous connective tissue organized into a small, well developed bundle.

Front 2

Aponeurosis

Back 2

Has the same consistency of a tendon, but the fibrous tissue is arranged as a THIN SHEET of tissue

Front 3

Ligament

Back 3

A ligament is dense fibrous connective tissue between bones

Front 4

Cutaneus trunci

Back 4

A thin sheet of muscle that covers most of the dorsal, lateral, and ventral walls of the thorax and abdomen- no direct bony attachment

Front 5

Superficial Pectoral Muscles: Origin

Back 5

Descending: originates from the first sternebra

Transverse: Originates frome the first two or three strenebrae

and surrounding raphe between muscles

Front 6

Superficial Pectoral Muscles: Insertion

Back 6

SF Pectorals insert on the whole crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Front 7

Superficial Pectoral Muscles: Action

Back 7

To adduct the limb when it is not bearing weight.

To prevent abduction when it is bearing weight.

Front 8

Superficial Pectoral Muscles: Innervation

Back 8

Cranial Pectoral Nerves, C7, C8.

Front 9

Deep Pectoral Muscle: Origin

Back 9

The ventral part of the sternum

fibrous raphe between fellow muscles

The deep abdominal fascia in the region of the xiphoid cartilage

(Caudal end of the sternum)

Front 10

Deep Pectoral Muscle: Insertion

Back 10

-The Deep Pectoral inserts on the major portion partly muscular, partly tendinous on the LESSER TUBERCLE of the humerus

-An APOPNEUROSIS to the GREATER TUBERCLE and its crest

-The caudal part attaches to the MEDIAL BRACHIAL FASCIA

Front 11

Deep Pectoral Muscle: Action

Back 11

When the limb is advanced and fixed: to pull the trunk crainially and to extend the shoulder joint

When the limb is not supporting weight: to draw the limb caudally and flex the shoulder joint.

To Adduct the limb.

Front 12

Deep Pectoral Muscle: Innervation

Back 12

Caudal Pectoral Nerves: C8, T1.

Front 13

Platysma

Back 13

The best developed of the cutaneous muscles of the neck and head. Its fibers sweep cranioventrally over the dorsal part of the neck and over the lateral surface of the face.

Front 14

Brachiocephalicus Muscle: Origin

Back 14

Clavicle or the Clavicular Intersection

Front 15

Brachiocephalicus: Insertion

Back 15

Cleidobrachialis: the distal end of the cranial border of the humerus and axilla

Cleidocervicalis: Dorsal midline of the neck/ cranial half of the mid-dorsal fibrous raphe and sometimes to the nuchal crest of the occipital bone.

Cleidomastoideus: Mastoid process of the temporal bone

Front 16

Brachiocephalicus Muscle: Action

Back 16

To advence the limb

Extend the shoulder joint

Draw the neck and head to the side

Front 17

Brachiocephalicus Muscle: Innervation

Back 17

Accessory Nerve

Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerve

Front 18

Sternocephalicus Muscle: Origin

Back 18

The first sternebra or manubrium

Front 19

Sternocephalicus: Two parts?

Back 19

mastoid part and occipital part

Front 20

Sternocephalicus Muscle: Insertion

Back 20

The mastoid part of the temporal bone and

The nuchal crest of the occipital bone

Front 21

Sternocephalicus Muscle: Action

Back 21

To draw the neck and head to the side

Front 22

Sternocephalicus Muscle: Innervation

Back 22

Accessory Nerve

Ventral branches of the cervical spinal nerves

Front 23

Sternohyoideus Muscle: Origin

Back 23

The first sternebra and the first costal cartilage

Front 24

Sternohyoideus Muscle: Insertion

Back 24

The basihyoid bone

Front 25

Sternohyoideus Muscle: Action

Back 25

To pull the tongue and larynx caudally

Front 26

Sternohyoideus Muscle: Innervation

Back 26

Ventral branches of the cervical spinal nerves

Front 27

Sternothyroideus Muscle: Origin

Back 27

The first costal cartilage

Front 28

Sternothyroideus Muscle: Insertion

Back 28

The caudolateral surface of the thyroid cartilage

Front 29

Sternothyroideus Muscle: Action

Back 29

To draw the tongue and larynx caudally

Front 30

Sternothyroideus Muscle: Innervation

Back 30

Ventral branches of the cervical spinal nerves

Front 31

Omotransversarius Muscle: Origin

Back 31

Transverse wing of the atlas

Front 32

Omotransversarius Muscle: Insertion

Back 32

The distal end of the spine of the scapula

Front 33

Omotransversarius Muscle covers up what?

Back 33

The superficial cervical lymph nodes: located cranial to the scapula

Front 34

Omotransversarius Muscle: Action

Back 34

To advance the limb or flex the neck laterally

Front 35

Omotransversarius Muscle: Innervation

Back 35

Accessory Nerve

Front 36

Carotid Sheath

Back 36

The deep fascia that covers the common carotid artery, vasosympathetic nerve trunk, internal jugular vein, and tracheal lymphatic trunk

Front 37

Supraspinous Ligament

Back 37

Connects the dorsal aspects of all vertebral spines; except the cervical spines

Front 38

Nucal Ligament

Back 38

Composed mostly by yellow elastic fibrous tissue, extends from the spine of the first thoracic vertebra to the spine of the axis

Front 39

Median Raphe

Back 39

A longitudinal fibrous septum between right and left eaxial muscles dorsal to the nuchal ligament.

Serves as an attachment for many of the cervical muscles.

Front 40

Trapezius Muscle: Divisions

Back 40

Cervical and Thoracic; separated by an aponeurosis

Front 41

Trapezius Muscle: Origin

Back 41

The median raphe of the neck and the supraspinous ligament from the level of the third cervical vertebra to the level of the ninth thoracic vertebra

Front 42

Trapezius Muscle: Insertion

Back 42

The Spine of the scapula

Front 43

Trapezius Muscle: Action

Back 43

To elevate and abduct the forelimb

Front 44

Trapezius Muscle: Innervation

Back 44

Accessory Nerve

Front 45

Rhomboideus Muscle: Divisions

Back 45

R. capitas

R. cervicis

R. thoracis

Front 46

Rhomboideus Muscle: Origin

Back 46

R. capitas: the nuchal crest of the occipital bone

R. cervicis: the median fibrous raphe of the neck

R. thoracis: the spinous processes of the first seven thoracic vertebrae

Front 47

Rhomboideus Muscle: Insertion

Back 47

The dorsal border and adjacent muscles of the scapula

Front 48

Rhomboideus Muscle: Innervation

Back 48

Ventral branches of cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Front 49

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle: Origin

Back 49

The thoracolumbar fascia from the spinous processes of the lumbar and last seven or eight thoracic vertebrae; a muscular attachment to the last two or three ribs.

Front 50

Latissimus Dorsie Muscle: Insertion

Back 50

The teres major tuberosity of the humerus and the teres major tendon

Front 51

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle: Action

Back 51

To draw the free limb caudally as in digging

Flex the shoulder joint

Front 52

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle: Innervation

Back 52

Thoracodorsal Nerve, C7 C8 T1

Front 53

Thoracolumbar Fascia

Back 53

Deep fascia of the trunk.

Arises from the supraspinous ligament and spines of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae

Covers muscles of the vertebrae, ribs, and abdomen

Front 54

Serratus Ventralis Cervicis and Serratus Ventralis Thoracis Muscle: Origin

Back 54

The transverse processes of the last five cervical vertebrae and the first seven or eight ribs ventral to their middle

Front 55

Serratus Ventralis Cervicis and Serratus Ventralis Thoracis Muscle: Insertion

Back 55

The dorsomedial third of the scapula

The Serrated Face

Front 56

Serratus Ventralis Cervicis and Serratus Ventralis Thoracis Muscle: Action

Back 56

To support the trunk

Depress the scapula

Front 57

Serratus Ventralis Cervicis and Serratus Ventralis Thoracis Muscle: Innervation

Back 57

Ventral branches of cervical spinal nerves and the long thoracic nerve, C7

Front 58

Deltoideus Muscle: Origin

Back 58

The spine and acromial process of the scapula

Front 59

Deltoideus Muscle: Insertion

Back 59

The deltoid tuberosity

Front 60

Deltoideus Muscle: Action

Back 60

To flex the shoulder

Front 61

Deltoideus Muscle: Innervation

Back 61

Axillary Nerve

Front 62

Infraspinatus Muscle: Covers up what?

Back 62

Subtendinous Synovial bursa between the tendon of insertion and the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Front 63

What is a bursa?

Back 63

A bursa is a closed connective tissue sac containing synovial fluid, which reduces friction

Front 64

Infraspinatus Muscle: Origin

Back 64

The infraspinous fossa

Front 65

Infraspinatus Muscle: Insertion

Back 65

A small, circumscribed area on the lateral side of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Front 66

Infraspinatus Muscle: Action

Back 66

Extend or Flex the joint: depending on the degree of extension or position of the joint when the muscle contracts.

Abduct the shoulder

Rotate the shoulder laterally

Prevent medial rotation when bearing weight

Provides lateral stability to the shoulder joint

Front 67

Infraspinatus Muscle: Inervation

Back 67

Suprascapular Nerve

Front 68

Teres Minor Muscle: Origin

Back 68

The infraglenoid tubercle

Distal third of the caudal border of the scapula

Front 69

Teres Minor Muscle: Insertion

Back 69

The teres minor tuberosity of the humerus

Front 70

Teres Minor Muscle: Action

Back 70

Flex the shoulder

Rotate the shoulder laterally

When bearing weight, prevent medial rotation

Front 71

Supraspinatus Muscle: Origin

Back 71

The supraspinous fossa

Front 72

Supraspinatus Muscle: Insertion

Back 72

The greater tubercle of the humerus, by a thick tendon

Front 73

Supraspinatus Muscle: Action

Back 73

To extend and stabilize the shoulder joint

Front 74

Supraspinatus Muscle: Innervation

Back 74

Suprascapular Nerve

Front 75

Subscapularis Muscle: Origin

Back 75

The subscapular fossa

Front 76

Subscapularis Muscle: Insertion

Back 76

The lesser tubercle of the humerus

Front 77

Subscapularis Muscle: Action

Back 77

-adduct the shoulder joint

-extend the shoulder joint

-medially stabilize the shoulder joint

-laterally stabilize the teres minor and infraspinatus

-Cranially stabilize the supraspinatus

Front 78

Teres Major Muscle: Origin

Back 78

The caudal angle and adjacent caudal border of the scapula; the caudal surface of the subscapularis

Front 79

Teres Major Muscle: Insertion

Back 79

The teres major tuberosity of the humerus

Front 80

Teres Major Muscle: Action

Back 80

Flex Shoulder

Rotate Shoulder medially

When bearing weight, prevents lateral rotation

Front 81

Coracobrachialis Muscle: Origin

Back 81

The coracoid process of the scapula

Front 82

Coracobrachialis Muscle: Insertion

Back 82

The crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus; proximal to the teres major tuberosity

Front 83

Coracobrachialis Muscle: Action

Back 83

adduct the shoulder joint

extend the shoulder joint

stabilize the should joint

Front 84

Coracobrachialis Muscle: Innervation

Back 84

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Front 85

Tensor Fasiae Antebrachii Muscle: Origin

Back 85

The fascia covering the lateral side of the latissimus dorsi muscle

Front 86

Tensor Fasiae Antebrachii Muscle: Insertion

Back 86

The olcranon

Front 87

Tensor Fasiae Antebrachii Muscle: Action

Back 87

Extend the ELBOW

Front 88

Tensor Fasiae Antebrachii Muscle: Innervation

Back 88

Radial Nerve

Front 89

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Long Head origin

Back 89

The caudal border of the scapula

Front 90

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Long Head insertion

Back 90

The olecranon tuber

Front 91

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Long Head Action

Back 91

extend the elbow

flex the shoulder

Front 92

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Long Head Innervation

Back 92

Radial Nerve

Front 93

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Lateral Head Origin

Back 93

The tricipital Line of the Humerus

Front 94

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Lateral Head Insertion

Back 94

The olecrannon tuber

Front 95

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Lateral Head Action

Back 95

To extend the elbow

Front 96

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Lateral Head Innervation

Back 96

Radial Nerve

Front 97

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Accessory Head Origin

Back 97

The neck of the humerus

Front 98

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Accessory Head Insertion

Back 98

The olecranon tuber

Front 99

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Accessory Head Action

Back 99

extend the elbow

Front 100

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Accessory Head Innervation

Back 100

Radial Nerve

Front 101

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Medial Head Origin

Back 101

The crest of the lesser tubercle near the teres major tuberosity

Front 102

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Medial Head Insertion

Back 102

The olecrannon

Front 103

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Medial Head Action

Back 103

extend the elbow

Front 104

Triceps Brachii Muscle: Medial Head Innervation

Back 104

Radial Nerve

Front 105

Aconeus Muscle: Origin

Back 105

The lateral supracondylar crest of the lateral and medial epicondyle of the humerus

Front 106

Aconeus Muscle: Innervation

Back 106

The lateral surface of the proximal end of the ulna (the olecranon)

Front 107

Aconeus Muscle: Action

Back 107

extend the elbow

Front 108

Aconeus Muscle: Innervation

Back 108

Radial Nerve

Front 109

Tansverse Humeral Retinaculum:

Back 109

A band of fibrous tissue that joins the greater and lesser tubercles and holds the tendon of origin in the intertubercular groove. An extension of the shoulder joint capsule, the intertubercular bursa acts as a synovial sheath for this tendon

Front 110

Biceps Brachii Muscle: Origin

Back 110

The supraglenoid tubercle

Front 111

Biceps Brachii Muscle: Insertion

Back 111

The ulnar and radial tuberosities

Front 112

Biceps Brachii Muscle: Action

Back 112

flex the elbow

extend the shoulder

Front 113

Biceps Brachii Muscle: Innervation

Back 113

Musculocutaneous Nerve

Front 114

Brachiallis Muscle: Origin

Back 114

The proximal third of the lateral surface of the humerus

Front 115

Brachiallis Muscle: Insertion

Back 115

The ulnar and radial tuberosities

Front 116

Brachialis Muscle: Action

Back 116

flex the elbow

Front 117

Brachialis Muscle: Innervation

Back 117

Musculocutaneous nerve

Front 118

deep antebrachial fascia

Back 118

a single dense sleeve for the muscles of the forearm on the caudal surface

Front 119

Extensor Carpi Radialis Muscle: origin

Back 119

The lateral supracondylar crest

Front 120

Extensor Retinaculum

Back 120

a transversely oriented condensation of carpel fascia that aids in holding in grooves all the tendons that cross the dorsum of the carpus

Front 121

Extensor Carpi Radialis: Insertion

Back 121

The small tuberosities on the dorsal surfaces of the base of metacarpels 2 and 3

Front 122

Extensor Carpi Radialis: Action

Back 122

To extend the carpus

Front 123

Extensor Carpi Radialis: Innervation

Back 123

Radial Nerve

Front 124

Common Digital Extensor: Origin

Back 124

The lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Front 125

Common Digital Extensor: Insertion

Back 125

The extensor processes of the distal phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V.

Front 126

Common Digital Extensor: Action

Back 126

extend the joints of the four principal digits and the carpus

Front 127

Common Digital Extensor: Innervation

Back 127

Radial Nerve

Front 128

Dorsal Ligament

Back 128

lies on each side of the common digital extensor tendon: its elasticity hyperextends the distal interphalangeal joint and thus RETRACTS the claw

Front 129

Laterasl Digital Extensor: Origin

Back 129

The lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Front 130

Lateral Digital Extensor: Insertion

Back 130

The proximal ends of all the phalanges of digits III, IV, and V, but mainly the extensor processes of the distal phalanges of these digits

Front 131

Lateral digital Extensor: Action

Back 131

extends carpus

extends digits III, IV, and V's joints

Front 132

Lateral Digital Extensor: Innervation

Back 132

Radial Nerve

Front 133

Ulnaris Lateralis: Origin

Back 133

The lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Front 134

Ulnaris Lateralis: Insertion

Back 134

The lateral aspect of the proximal end of metacarpal V and the accessory carpel bone

Front 135

Ulnaris Lateralis: Action

Back 135

to abduct the carpel joint and support the carpus when extended to support weight

Front 136

Ulnaris Lateralis: Innervation

Back 136

Radial Nerve

Front 137

Supinator: Origin

Back 137

The lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Front 138

Supinator: Insertion

Back 138

The cranial surface of the proximal fourth of the radius

Front 139

Supinator: Action

Back 139

To rotate the forearm laterally so that the palmar side of the paw is facing medially

flex elbow

Front 140

Supinator Muscle: Innervation

Back 140

Radial Nerve

Front 141

Abductor digiti I longus: Origin

Back 141

The lateral border and cranial surface of the body of the ulna; the interosseous membrane

Front 142

Abductor digiti I longus: Insertion

Back 142

the proximal end of metacarpal I

Front 143

abductor digiti I longus: Action

Back 143

To abduct the first digit or pollex '

extend carpal joints

Front 144

abductor digiti I longus: Innervation

Back 144

Radial Nerve

Front 145

Pronator teres: Origin

Back 145

The medial epicondyle of the humerus

Front 146

Pronator teres: insertion

Back 146

the medial border of the radius between the proximal and middle thirds

Front 147

Pronator Teres: Action

Back 147

to rotate the forearm medially so that the palmar side of the paw is facing the ground

flex elbow

Front 148

Flexor Retinaculum

Back 148

thick layer of fibrous tissue on the palmar side of the carpus

Front 149

Flexor Carpi Radialis: Origin

Back 149

The medial epicondyle of the humerus

the medial border of the radius

Front 150

Flexor carpi radialis: Insertion

Back 150

the palmar side of the base of metacarpals II and III

Front 151

Flexor Carpi Radialis: Action

Back 151

Flex the carpus

Front 152

Flexor Carpis Radialis: Innervation

Back 152

Median Nerve

Front 153

Superficial Digital Flexor: Origin

Back 153

the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Front 154

Superficial Digitial Flexor: Insertion

Back 154

The palmar surface of the base od the middle phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V.

Front 155

Superficial Digital Flexor: Action

Back 155

To flex the carpel

flex metacarpohalangeal

flex proximal interphalangeal joints

of digits II III IV and V

Front 156

Superficial Digital Flexor: Innervation

Back 156

Median Nerve

Front 157

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Heads

Back 157

Ulnar Head

Humeral Head

Front 158

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin

Back 158

Ulnar Head: the caudal border and medial surface of the olecranon

Humeral Head: the medial epicondyle

Front 159

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Insertion

Back 159

the accessory carpel bone

Front 160

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Action

Back 160

flex carpus

Front 161

flexor carpi ulnais innervation

Back 161

ulnar nerve

Front 162

Deep digital flexor heads

Back 162

humeral

ulnar

radial

Front 163

annular digital ligaments

Back 163

support the deep digital flexor tendon proximal and distal to the palmar surface of the proximal interphalangeal joint

Front 164

Deep Digital Flexor Origin

Back 164

humeral head: the medial epicondyle of the humerus

ulnar head: the proximal three fourths of the caudal border of the ulna

radial head: the middle third of the medial border of the radius

Front 165

Deep Digital Flexor Insertion

Back 165

The flexor tubercle on the palmar surface of the distal phalanx of each digit

Front 166

Deep Digital Flexor Action

Back 166

flex carpal joint

flex metacarpophalangeal joints

flex the proximal and dital interhalangeal joints

of all digits!

Front 167

Deep Digital Flexor Innervation

Back 167

Median and Ulnar Nerves

Front 168

Pronator Quadratus: Attachments

Back 168

The apposed surfaces of the radius and ulna

Front 169

Pronator Quadratus: Action

Back 169

To pronate the paw

fills space between the ulna and radius

Front 170

Pronator Quadratus Innervation

Back 170

Median Nerve

Front 171

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Back 171

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