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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Name two body systems that help maintain body balance (homeostasis)
Nervous and endocrine systems
What are two similarities between the nervous and endocrine systems?
1) both systems constantly send instructions to the rest of the body

2) both use chemicals to transmit their messages
What sort of tissues are usually affected by the nervous system?
mostly affects muscle and glandular tissue
What tissues are affected by the endocrine system?
affects virtually all cells in the body
The effects of the endocrine system are (short/long) acting.
effects are long acting
Why are the effects of the endocrine system slower than the nervous system?
The chemicals produced by the nervous system only have to cross the synaptic space while hormones must travel long distances through the bloodstream.
Define hormones.
chemical messages produced by the endocrine system
Give the location of the hypothalamus and its hormone function.
brain, receives info about the state of the body & responds. Controls pituitary.
Name 5 body states controlled by the hypothalamus.
1) BP
2) temp
3) weight
4) fluid levels
5) electrolytes
What kind of hormone(s) does the hypothalamus produce?
peptide hormones
Give the location of the pituitary and the type(s) of hormones produced.
brain, peptide and steroid
Give the location of the pineal gland, the hormone produced, and its function.
brain, melatonin, regulates sleep cycle
Where is the thyroid located?
located in the neck
Name two substances the thyroid produces.
thyroxine (aka tetraiodothyronine)

calcitonin
What are the function of the thyroid hormones?
thyroxine- controls metabolism

calcitonin- regulates calcium levels in blood by storing in in bone
Calcium is necessary for muscle __________.
necessary for muscle contraction
Where is the parathyroid and what is its function?
located on the thyroid, regulates calcium levels by leaching it from bones
Where is the pancreas and what is its function?
located to the right of the stomach, controls metabolism, specifically glucose levels
What are the two hormones produced by the pancreas and what are their functions?
insulin- dec glucose levels

glucagon- inc glucose levels
Name the location and regions of the adrenal glands.
located next to kidneys, consist of the cortex and the medulla
The medulla of the adrenal gland produces ______________ and is a (steriod/peptide) hormone.
produces catecholamines which are peptide hormones
The cortex of the adrenal gland produces ______________, ________, and _____ __________ and is a (steriod/peptide) hormone.
produces mineralcortocoids, glucocorticoids and sex hormones, which are steroid hormones
Name the two types of gonads and the hormones they produce
ovaries (abdominal) produce steroid hormones estrogen and progesterone

testes (external) produce testosterone
Name 8 endrocrine glands.
1) hypothalamus
2) pituitary
3) pineal gland
4) thyroid
5) parathyroid
6) pancreas
7) adrenal glands
8) gonads
Name three ways massage relieves pain.
1) increasing endorphins, encephalin and other pain-reducing chemicals
2)inhibits pain by interfering with pain information
3) relieves pain from hypersensitive trigger points and referred pain (presumably by decreasing ischemia)
What effects can massage have on the nervous system?
1) can either stimulate or soothe this system, depending on stroke and pressure
2) stimulates the parasympathetic NS, promoting relaxation decreasing insomnia
What are two effects of massage on muscle tissues?
1) mechanically stretches and broadens tissue

2) certain strokes increase muscle spindle activity, toning weak muscles
Describe two types of hormone molecules.
1) peptide- derived from protein

2) steroid- derived from fats
Describe a systemic negative feedback loop
Negative feedback acts like a thermostat to turn off a process when the level of the finished product reaches the proper concentration in the bloodstream
Draw a negative feedback loop involving the hypothalamus
see image