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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the agent that causes canine distemper virus?
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RNA paramyxovirus
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What animals are affected by the canine distemper virus?
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Dogs and many other carnivores
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What is the distribution of canine distemper virus?
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Enzootic worldwide
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What age of dogs are susceptible to canine distemper virus?
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All ages affected
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Which dogs are most often infected with CDV?
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Young, non-vaccinated dogs
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How is canine distemper virus transmitted?
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In all body secretions
-groups of dogs |
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When is the canine distemper virus shed? How long does it survive in the environment?
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-Shedding transient after recovery
-does not survive long in the environment |
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What are the clinical signs of a dog with CDV when the virus-neutralizing antibodies are low?
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Systemic signs, acute encephalomyelitis
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What are the 2 possible conditions that will develop in a dog with CDV that has a high virus-neutralizing antibody response?
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-subclinical infection and recovery (>75% of dogs)
-CNS signs (chronic encephalomyelitis) |
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How long does it take for the first signs of CDV to develop? What are they?
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4-6 days post-infection
-transient fever -lymphopenia |
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What are the 3 phases of the clinical signs of a dog with CDV (after initial clinical signs)?
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1) Epithelial phase
-GI & respiratory tracts 2) Ocular disease 3) Neurologic phase |
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Dogs that are _______ tend to go straight into the CNS disease of CDV and bypass the other phases.
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<1 year old
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When does CDV viremia develop in infected dogs?
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Viremia (disease that follows immune suppression so bacteria that are already there cause problems) develops 6-9 days post-infection---> 3 phases
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What are the clinical signs of the epithelial phase of CDV?
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1) Vomiting & diarrhea
2) Rhinitis & conjunctivitis 3) Pneumonia -interstitial= viral -secondary bacterial |
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What is it about ocular disease caused by CDV that is highly suggestive of the canine distemper virus?
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Decreased tear production in young dogs (keratoconjunctivitis)
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What are 3 clinical signs of ocular disease due to CDV?
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1) Keratoconjunctivitis
2) Chorioretinitis 3) Optic neuritis |
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When do signs of ocular disease and the epithelial phase of CDV develop? Neurological phase?
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ocular & epithelial 6-9 days post infection
-neurological can occur simultaneously w systemic disease or be delayed |
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What are the 2 types of encephalomyeltiis that can develop during the neurological phase of CDV? Which animals get which?
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1) Acute encephalomyelitis
-gray matter destruction -young animals 2) Subacute or chronic non-suppurative encephalomyelitis -demyelination -dogs >1 year |
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What are the 4 types of neurological signs that are seen with CDV?
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1) Central vestibular signs
-head tilt, nystagmus 2) Cerebellar signs 3) Cerebral signs 4) Myoclonus |
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What are the 3 cerebellar signs of CDV?
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1) Cerebellar ataxia
2) Intention tremors 3) Hypermetria |
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What are 3 cerebral signs of CDV?
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1) Behavioral changes
2) Delirious 3) Seizures -chewing-gum seizures |
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What lab abnormalities are seen on a CBC in a dog with CDV?
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-lymphopenia initially
-neutrophilic leukocytosis later |
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What is found in the CSF of a dog with CDV?
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-normal or mild to moderate increase in protein and cell count
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How do you make a presumptive diagnosis of CDV?
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Based on clinical signs
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What do you find on serology in a dog that either was recently infected with CDV or recently vaccinated for CDV?
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-4 fold increase in IgG over a 2-3 week period
-presence of IgM |
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What are the 2 diagnostics used to make a definitive diagnosis of CDV?
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1) Viral inclusions
-false + and - 2) RT-PCR -way to go |
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What are 3 samples that you can perform RT-PCR on when trying to diagnose CDV?
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Urine, serum, CSF
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What are the 3 components of treating CDV?
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1) Non-specific and supportive
2) Treat secondary infections 3) Dexamethasone |
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Why is dexamethasone used to treat CDV? When is it contraindicated?
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-May improve CNS signs
-does not improve survival****(assume 95% mortality) -Contraindicated in cases w/ acute encephalomyelitis |
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What are 2 ways to prevent CDV?
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Isolate sick dogs
Vaccinate (very effective)!! |
