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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are babesia?
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Protozoan parasite that infect RBCs and cause anemia
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What are the 2 broad categories of babesia?
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Large babesia
Small babesia *Different vectors, geographic distribution and virulence |
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What is the most virulent strain of babesia?
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B. canis rossi
-in South Africa |
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What large strain of babesia is located worldwide, but is a less virulent strain?
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B. canis vogeli**
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What two strains of babesia are located worldwide?
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B. canis vogeli (large)
B. gibsoni (small) |
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What strain of babesia is more common in pitbulls in the US?
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B. gibsoni (less virulent)
-emerging disease* |
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What is considered a risk factor for contracting Babesia gibsoni?
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History of recent dog bite wound
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What is the true reservoir of babesia?
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Ticks
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What are 2 ways that dogs can be infected with babesia?
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-Tick-transmission
-Direct transmission via blood transfer (e.g. dog fights, blood transfusions or by transplacental infections) |
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What is the incubation period of babesiosi?
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2 weeks
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What are the mechanisms that result in anemia due to babesios?
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Babesia replicate in RBC resulting in direct and immune-mediated destruction
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How is babesia transmitted b/w ticks?
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Transtadial transmission and transovarial = true reservoirs, don't need dogs to maintain babesia
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What are the clinical signs of most dogs with B. canis vogeli?
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Most are asymptomatic
-less virulent strain, worldwide |
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What are the 3 types of babesios (clinical sign wise..)?
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1) peracute
2) acute 3) chronic |
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Peracute signs are more common in _____ dogs.
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Young dogs
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What are the clinical signs of a young dog with peracute babesiosis? (4)
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1) Severe anemia & fever
2) Icterus, depression 3) Tachycardia, dyspnea 4) DIC, shock *bad in puppies <3 mo, no immune system |
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What are the 3 primary clinical signs of acute babesiosis?
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1) Similar to paracute, but less severe
2) Hepatomegaly 3) Splenomegaly |
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What are the clinical signs of chronic babesios?
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-weight loss & anorexia
-atypical locations: CNS disease cardiopulmonary disease renal disease (b. canis rossi) |
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Why does jaundice occur in animals with peracute babesios?
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It's from lysis of RBCs
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Why do animals with babesios have a fever?
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Hemosysis and then inflammation from RBC destruction causes fever
-if really severe inflammatory response get SIRS |
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What are the 3 abnormal findings of babesios on a CBC?
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1) *Mild to severe anemia, usually regenerative
-PCV lower in animals w/ B. gibsoni (but vast majority= asymptomatic carriers) -*hallmark 2) Thrombocytopenia -moderate to severe *almost as common as anemia 3) Leukocytosis -from inflammation |
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What are the 2 abnormal findings on the chemistry of an animal with babesiosi?
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1) Hyperglobulinemia in chronic infections (inflammation)
2) Increased ALT & ALP |
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Co-infection of B. canis is common with what and why?
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E. canis bc same vector
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How can you increase the sensitivity of using a blood smear to diagnose babesiosi?
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Use capillary blood (like nick ear) because higher concentration of babesia in capillary blood than central blood
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What are 3 diagnostic techniques used to diagnose babesiosis?
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1) Microscopic examination of blood smear
2) IFA 3) PCR |
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What diagnostic methods can determine difference b/w the species of babesia?
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-Blood smear can tell b/w large and small types
-PCR |
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Why can't IFA differentiate b/w the different types of babesia?
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Cross- reactivity
-none b/w B. canis and B. gibsoni |
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Why is the prevalence of seropositives much higher than the number of sick animals when testing for babesia?
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Many asymptomatic carriers
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How can you tell if an animal has had a recent babesia infection with IFA?
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Increase titers over 2-3 weeks
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What are the 2 components of therapy for babesiosi?
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support therapy
antiprotozoal therapy |
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What is the only antiprotozoal available in the US for babesia canis? Does it eliminate the organism?
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Imidocarb IM once, repeat in 2-3 week
- doesn't eliminate organism, just makes the dog feel better |
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What is the only antiprotozoal available in the US for b. gibsoni?
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Azithromicin + atovaquone
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How long should you wait to see if clinical signs improve before considering to change your treatment in cases of babesiosis?
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Clinical signs and platelet count should improve within 48 hours
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Short term (2-7 day) treatment with ______ may be helpful early on in patients with babesiosis.
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Glucocorticoid therapy
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How can you prevent babesiosis?
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Strict-tick control
-vaccine in europe |
