Canine Anatomy Q&a

Front 1

For what is the term dorsal used?

Back 1

The surface of the body away from the ground and below the proximal carpus & tarsus directed towards the head.

Front 2

What surface below the top of the carpus/tarsus are directed toward the tail or ground?

Back 2

palmer/plantar

Front 3

What is the term peripheral used for?

Back 3

A part distal from its point of origin or near the surface.

Front 4

What is the term for a structure closer to/farther from the longitudinal axis of the limb?

Back 4

Axial & abaxial

Front 5

The body is divided into dorsal and ventral portions by a ---- plane.

Back 5

Dorsal (frontal) plane

Front 6

What are sections?

Back 6

Cuts through the plane of the body.

Front 7

A ---- plane cuts an organ or limb at a right angle to its long axis. These are usually called ------.

Back 7

Transverse/cross sections

Front 8

What sections cut parallel to the long axis of an organ or limb?

Back 8

longitudinal section

Front 9

What section cuts through a transverse plane?

Back 9

transverse section or cross section

Front 10

The human term "anterior" corresponds with what veterinary term?

Back 10

cranial on limbs, rostral on face and ventral on body.

Front 11

Where are "superior" and "inferior" used in veterinary medicine?

Back 11

For the eyes and some other head structures, replacing dorsal and ventral, respectively.

Front 12

Name the three parts of the axial skeleton.

Back 12

skull, vertebral column, thorax

Front 13

Of what does the appendicular skeleton consists of?

Back 13

Limb bones and bones connecting them to the axial skeleton

Front 14

What connects the thoracic girdle to the axial skelton?

Back 14

Muscle attachments (synsarcosis) (clavicle is rudimentary)

Front 15

What bones make up the digits of carnivores?

Back 15

Proximal, middle and distal phalanges, palmar and dorsal sesamoid bones

Front 16

What is the common name of the tarsus?

Back 16

Hock

Front 17

What bones make up the pelvic girdle (pelvis)?

Back 17

two hip bones, sacrum & first few caudal vertebrae

Front 18

List the 5 types of bones according to shape? and give an example of each.

Back 18

Short(carpal or tarsal), flat(most facial bones), irregular (vertebral, some facial bones), sesamoid (patella and sesamoids), long (most bones of the limbs)

Front 19

What is the smooth layer of hyaline cartilage over the joint ends of bones?

Back 19

articular cartilage

Front 20

What joins the diaphysis to the epiphysis in mature bone?

Back 20

metaphysis

Front 21

What do radiologists often call the epiphyseal plate?

Back 21

Physis

Front 22

The structure of bone can be either ---- or ------.

Back 22

compact or cancellous (spongy)

Front 23

Compact bone encloses spongy bone and the ----- spaces of long bones.

Back 23

Marrow/medullary

Front 24

What is the three dimensional lattice of bone spicules of spongy bone?

Back 24

Trabeculae

Front 25

What are the two possible methods of osteogenesis?

Back 25

Intramembranous and endochondral (intra-cartilaginous)

Front 26

Where does intramembranous ossification take place?

Back 26

flat bones of the skull.

Front 27

In endochondral(intracartilaginous)ossification, where are the centers of ossification located?

Back 27

diaphysis and two epiphyses

Front 28

As the centers of ossification of long bones expand, they replace all the cartilaginous model, except which parts?

Back 28

Epiphyseal plates and articular cartilage

Front 29

Lengthening of long bones occurs in what area?

Back 29

Outer growth plate (epiphyseal side of plate)

Front 30

When does lengthening of long bones cease?

Back 30

When cartilage cells cease to divide and physis is completely replaced by bone

Front 31

What is the diaphyseal side of the physis where cartilage metamorphases (changes) into bone?

Back 31

Metaphysis

Front 32

What are the two different type of growth plates? Give an example of each.

Back 32

Traction (olecrannon,calcaneus); Compression (most of the rest)

Front 33

What is any prominent, roughened projection from a bone?

Back 33

Process

Front 34

What is a large, knuckle-like articular prominence?

Back 34

condyle

Front 35

A---- is a tube-like canal through a bone.

Back 35

Meatus

Front 36

What is a smooth, flat, articular surface?

Back 36

Facet/fovea

Front 37

What is the pulley shaped structure of the femur?

Back 37

Trochlea

Front 38

What is a prominence above a condyle?

Back 38

epicondyle

Front 39

Structural classification groups joints according to their _______.

Back 39

Uniting medium

Front 40

What are the three types of uniting medium of joints?

Back 40

Fibrous, cartilaginous or synovial

Front 41

What functional classifications of joints indicate the degree of motion?

Back 41

Immovable, slightly movable and freely movable

Front 42

A suture is what type of structural joint?

Back 42

fibrous (immovable)

Front 43

Where are symphyseal joints found?

Back 43

Generally on midline of body

Front 44

What type of joint occurs between the bodies of most vertebrae?

Back 44

Symphyseal-intervertebral disc

Front 45

What is the configuration of the shoulder joint?

Back 45

Ball and socket joint (spheroidal)

Front 46

What are the two joints between the phalanges of each main digit?

Back 46

Proximal interdigital (PIP) and distal interdigital (DIP) joint

Front 47

With what do the proximal ends of the ribs articulate? Distal Ends?

Back 47

thoracic vertebrae and sternum

Front 48

What elastic connective tissue structure attaches the 1st thoracic spine to the spine of the axis (C2) in the dog.

Back 48

Nuchal ligament

Front 49

What elastic tissue fills the dorsal space (interarcuate space) between the arches of adjacent vertebrae?

Back 49

Ligamentum flavum, interarcuate, or yellow ligament

Front 50

What connects the heads of a pair of opposite ribs, crossing the dorsal part of the intervertebral discs?

Back 50

Intercapital ligament

Front 51

What is the relatively immovable joint between the sacrum and ilium?

Back 51

sacroiliac joint

Front 52

Name the ball and socket joint of the pelvic limb.

Back 52

Hip joint, coxofemoral, or coxal joint

Front 53

What is the compound condylar joint between the femur, patella, and tibia?

Back 53

Stifle

Front 54

What are the fibrocartilaginous discs between the condyles of the femur and tibia?

Back 54

Medial and lateral menisci