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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens in lymph node follicles?
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B-cell proliferation
-Primary = dense/dormant -Secondary = pale germinal ctr & active -Located in cortex |
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What resides in the paracortex of lymph nodes?
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T cells
-paracortex located b/w medulla and follicles -contains high endothelial venules through which B/T cells enter node -NOT WELL DEVELOPED IN PTS WITH DIGEORGE SYNDROME |
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What are the components of the medulla of lymph nodes?
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1) medullary cords = closely packed lymphocytes and plasma cells
2) medullary sinuses = macrophages and reticular cells that communicate with efferent lymphatics |
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Lymphatic drainage of R arm and R head
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Right thoracic duct
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The thoracic duct drains...
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Everything but R arm and R head.
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Howell-Jolly bodies
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Nuclear remnants found in RBCs (which normally shed their nuclei). Remnants persist in asplenia (post-splenectomy)
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Periarticular lymphatic sheath
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PALS = sheath of T lymphocytes surrounding central arteriole in white pulp of spleen
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Site of T-cell differentiation/maturation
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Thymus
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Stimuli for activation of NK cells
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-Absence of MHC I on target cell
-Nonspecific activation signal on target cell -Induce apoptosis via perforin and granzymes |
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Cytokines secreted by macrophages
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IL-1 = acute inflammation, pyrogen
IL-6 = acute phase reactant IL-8 = PMN chemotactic factor TNF-alpha = leukocyte recruitment, vascular leak -->hepatic synthesis of acute phase reactants |
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Major cytokine secreted by Th1 cells
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IFNgamma = stimulates macrophages
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Found on all cells except mature RBCs
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MHC class I
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Major opsonins
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IgG, C3b
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Complement proteins that cause anaphylaxis
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C3a, C5a
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Deficiency of C5-8 causes...
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Neisseria bacteremia
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Deficiency of decay-accelerating factor causes...
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Paroysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
[DAF is a GPI-anchored enzyme that protects RBCs from complement-mediated lysis] |
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Chemotactic complement protein
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C5a (PMN chemotaxis)
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Describe the IFNs
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Generally, IFNs are proteins that stimulate unaffected cells to enter an antiviral state.
-IFN alpha & beta inhibit viral mRNA via ribonuclease -IFN gamma increases MHCI/II expression and antigen presentation -Activation of NK cells IFN alpha => HBV, HCV, Kaposi's sarcoma IFN beta => MS IFN gamma => NADPH oxidase deficiency |
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Mediator of hyperacute transplant rejection
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Preformed antidonor antibodies (occurs w/in minutes)
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Mediator of acute transplant rejection
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Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (occurs w/in weeks)
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Mediator of chronic transplant rejection
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chronic rejection = obliterative vascular fibrosis (occurs w/in months-yrs... irreversible. T cell and antibody mediated.
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Type IV hypersensitivity rxns (7)
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1. Type I diabetes
2. MS 3. Guillain Barre 4. Hashimotos 5. GVHD 6. PPD 7. Contact Dermatitis |
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Various forms of SCID
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1. adenosine deaminase deficiency
2. defective IL-2 receptor 3. MHC II deficiency |
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Recurrent bacterial infections after 6 mo of age
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Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
-X linked recessive -defect in tyrosine kinase (BTK) assoc w/ low levels of all classes of Igs, due to defective B cell maturation |
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Presents with tetany & recurrent viral and fungal infections
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DiGeorge syndrome
-Thymus and parathyroids fail to develop (3/4 pharyngeal pouches) -congenital heart and great vessel defects -CATCH22q11 |
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Presents with recurrent viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoal infxns
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SCID
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Presents early in life with severe pyogenic infections
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Hyper IgM due to inability to class switch (defect in CD40 ligand)
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Pyogenic infections, thrombocytopenic purpura, eczema
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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
-X-linked defect in ability to mount IgM response to polysaccharide capsules -high IgA and low IgM WASPs wear TIEs = thrombocytopenia, infections (pyogenic), eczema |
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Presents with marked susceptibility to opportunistic infections with bacteria, especially S. aureus and E. coli, and Aspergillus
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Chronic granulomatous disease
-lack of NADPH oxidase --> defective oxidative burst of PMNs -susceptible to catalase + bugs: Staph, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Nocardia, Aspergillus -dx confirmed with negative nitroblue tetrazolium dye |
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Presents with sinus and lung infections, possibly milk allergies and diarrhea
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Selective IgA deficiency
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Thrombocytopenia, eczema, recurrent sinopulmonary infections
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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
-X-linked recessive disorder -Serum IgM low, others increased. --Pts have defective response to polysaccharide antigens |
