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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Which DNA repair mechanism is associated with the following? Corrects uracil in DNA
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Base Excision repair
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None
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Which DNA repair mechanism is associated with the following? Nuclease nicks the aberrantly dimerized strand
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Nucleotide Excision Repair
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Which DNA repair mechanism is associated with the following? Results in a mutation due to missing nucleotides
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non-holologous end joining
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Which DNA repair mechanism is associated with the following? Repairs dimerized pyrimidines
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Nucleotide Excision Repair
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Which DNA repair mechanism is associated with the following? Utilizes Uracil DNA glycosylase
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Base Excision Repair
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Which DNA repair mechanism is associated with the following? Corrects non-Watson & Crick base pairing
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mismatch repair
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Which DNA repair mechanism is associated with the following? Uses recombination by second chromosome
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homologous end joining
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Which DNA repair mechanism is associated with the following? Involves MutS and MutL proteins (MSH and MLH)
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mismatch repair
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Which DNA repair mechanism is associated with the following? DNA proofreading proteins detects error in DNA, then the repair mechanism uses the nicks in new strand to identify and removes strand.
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mismatch repair
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Which DNA repair mechanism is associated with the following? Nick serve as recognition signals to use other strand.
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mismatch repair
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None
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Which DNA repair mechanism is associated with the following? Uses DNA ligase
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all… seals the nicks
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Which DNA repair mechanism is associated with the following? DNA polymerase
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all… adds nucleotides
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1. What can UV radiation do to DNA? (sunlight)... 2. Which repair mechanism would repair this damage?
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1. pyrimidine dimer... 2. Nucleotide excision repair
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None
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1. Which DNA repair mechanism is implicated in HNPCC?... 2. What happens as a result of the faulty repair mechanism?
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1. Mismatch repair: (MSH2,3,6 and MLH1) ... 2. Microsatellite instability (MSI): trinucleotide repeat instability… slippage
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None
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1. Which cancer is Xeroderma Pigmentosum related to?... 2. What happens as a result of the faulty repair mechanism?
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1. Nucleotide excision repair… 2. Microsatellite instability (MSI): trinucleotide repeat instability… slippage
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None
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What diseases are associated with Microsatellite instability (MSI): trinucleotide repeat instability… slippage
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HD, XP, HNPCC
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None
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What does Xeroderma pigmentosum lead to?
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1. Acute sensitivity to sunlight… (sunburn, photophobia)… 2. 1000-fold increased risk of skin cancer (cells are hypersensitive to killing by UV radiation.)
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What type of inheritance is seen in Xeroderma Pigmentosum?
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Autosomal recessive, with asymptomatic carriers
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T/F Linkage of cells to ECM is receptor mediated.
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TRUE
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What attaches to the ECM collagen? fibronectin, actin, integrin, or an adaptor protein?
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Fibronectin… the Integrin is the transmembrane protein, which attaches fibronectin-collagen on the ECM… and integrin also attaches the adaptor protein to the cytososkeleton actin
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What metal ions are Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) dependent upon?
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Ca and Zn
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Are MMPs active enzymes?
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No, they are proenzymes
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How are MMPs activated?
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proteolysis --> collagenases
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Where do you find MMPs?
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they are membrane bound when inactive… then cleaved from the membrane to become activated collagenases
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What cleaves denatured collagen?
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gelatinase
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1. What is the role of MMPs in releasing growth factors? 2. Give two growth factor examples.
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Growth factors can be stored in heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the ECM. MMPs can cleave Heparan sulfate proteoglycans, thus releasing the growth factros… 2. VEGF and TGF-ß are sometimes released by this mechanism
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What are 4 ways MMP activity is regulated?
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1. Gene transcription (which controls just about everything)… 2. Requires conversion of the proenzyme to the active enzyme… 3. TIMPs (MMP inhibitors)… 4. Localization of MMPs to cell surfaces.
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None
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What are TIMPs?
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MMP inhibitors
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What are the 5 features of wound healing?
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Migration… ECM degradation… invasion… removal of fibrin matrix… movement of keratinocytes in the wound (MMP-1)
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MEIR-K
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What is involved in the movement of keratinocytes in wound healing?
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MMP
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What 4 actions do MMPs perform in their cancer role?
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promotion, angiogenesis, invasion, growth in ectopic sites.
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None
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What are the 6 stages of metastasis?
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1. Detachment… 2. Intravasion: penetration into vascular lumen (MMP-9)… 3. Survival within the circulation… 4. Adhesion and proliferation on the vascular endothelium… 5. Extravasion: Penetration into a new host tissue… 6. Establishment (MMPs)
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DISAPprovE E
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At what stages are MMPs required for metastasis? Which specific MMP is needed? (Hint: only one specific MMP is given)
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a) second stage: Intravasion (penetration into the vascular lumen)… b) 6th stage: Establishment (MMPs)
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What are 3 possible explanations for the failure of MMP inhibitors in the treatment of cancer in clincal trials?
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1. None of the inhibitors were highly selective… 2. Doses were at maximal tolerated doses… 3. Patients had advanced metastatic cancer.
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Which of the following metastasitic events is signal transduction important to: cell migration or angiogenesis?
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Both
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None
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Which integrin binds MMP2 and leads to ECM destruction, ∂vß3 or ∂vß5?
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∂vß3 = integrin ligand --> denatured collagen
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Which integrin is a peptidomimetic agonist (inhibitor) ∂vß3 or ∂vß5?
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both
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