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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Proto-oncogenes |
genes that normally promote cell survival or proliferation |
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Tumor-suppressor genes |
normally restrain growth but mutations cause a loss of that in cancer |
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Caretaker Genes |
Normally protect integrity of genome, in cancer causes defects in DNA-repairing system |
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Carcinoma |
a type of cancer derived from epithelium and endoderm or ectoderm |
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Sarcoma |
a type of cancer derived from the mesoderm |
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Metastasis |
Migration of malignant cancer cells to other parts of the body |
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Invadopodia |
protrusions that are able to degrade basement membranes to allow for the movement of malignant cells |
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Oncogene |
any gene that encodes a protein capable of transforming cells in culture or induce cancer in animals |
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Effect of mutation on caretaker genes |
loss-of-function; allow mutations to accumulate |
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Effect of mutation on tumor-suppressor genes |
loss-of-function; allow unregulated cell proliferation and survival |
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Effect of mutation on proto-oncogenes |
gain-of-function; allow unregulated cell proliferation and survival |
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What mutation leads to neuroblastoma in EGFR2? |
mutation of production of valine to glutamine |
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BCR-ABL fusion protein |
a constitutively active kinase causing leukemia; phosphorylates multiple signal transduction proteins |
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What type of protein does EGFR2 encode? |
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase |
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What type of protein does c-Myc encode? |
regulatory proteins for mitosis |
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What mutation leads to production of oncogenic EGFR2 protein? |
point mutation |
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What mutation leads to production of oncogenic c-Myc protein? |
chromosomal translocation |
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How does mutation affect the expression and function of EGFR2? |
Receptors dimerize and become active in the absence of ligands |
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How does mutation affect the expression and function of c-Myc? |
increased expression of c-Myc causing unregulated replication |
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Loss of telomeres... |
normally limits the number of rounds of cell division |
