Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
for most cancer drugs, why can't they be administered intermittently?
|
cancer drugs usually work on a specific phase of the cell cycle, and only a small % of the tumor is in that phase at a certain time
|
|
|
general side effects of cancer treatment
|
bone marrow suppression
ulceration of mucosa alopecia lowered immune system infertility (germ cells are attacked) inreased: uric acid (gout, purine breakdown), K, P and Ca from cell lysis N/V, anorexia |
|
|
what drug is given to help reduce the side effect of ulceration of the oral mucosa? why is this only given druing hematologic tumors?
|
Palifermin. it is a KGF. blood-borne tumors do not have KGF-R. however, other tumors do have it, so Palifermin would actually lead to tumor growth in solid tumors
|
|
|
what drug is given to reduce the N/V symptoms associated with cancer treatment? how does it work?
|
ondansetron. it is a 5HT-R antagonist. many GI signals are 5HT derived; this blocks them.
|
|
|
name the three major alkylating agents. MOA?
|
mechlorethamine, cyclophosphamide, melphalan. all are nitrogen-mustards. intramolecular cyclization forms a reactive nucleophile that is attacked by Guanine amines.
|
|
|
what is the significance of the cyclophosphamide group?
what drug limits its side effects? |
less reactive - can be given orally. prodrug - requires hepatic metabolism. toxic byproduct - acrolein (in bladder, causes hemorrhagic cystitis) - Mesna is given to quench it, stopping hemorrhagic cystitis.
|
|
|
which alkylating agents have a delayed suppression on bone marrow cells? how delayed? what are their indications?
|
nitrosoureas - carmustine and lomustine. 4 week suppression, vs normal 1 week suppression.
used in CNS cancers. |
|
|
cisplatin side effects? what drug is given to limit these?
|
NOT on bone marrow
highly emetic. ototoxic. amifostine: enters cells that have alkaline phosphatase (usually non-tumor cells) and quenches cisplatin |
|
|
methotrexate - MOA. what drug is given in combo to reduce its toxicity?
|
inhibits DHFR.
leucoverin is given to retain some folate processing. |
|
|
this drug inhibits Thymidylate Synthase.
|
5-FU. given with leucoverin, which INCREASES the effect of 5-FU
|
|
|
leucoverin can be used to both reduce and increase the effect of cancer drugs. explain
|
leucoverin is given with methotrexate to retain some folate processing.
leucoverin is given with 5-FU to increase its inhibition of thymidylate synthase |
|
|
what is the primary choice for pancreatic cancer? what class drug is it?
|
gemcitabine
antimetabolite, chain terminator |
|
|
mercaptopurine is a _____ class drug. it is given with _____ to inhibit the side effect ________
|
purine analog
allopurinol gout, increased uric acid |
|
|
DNA intercalater anticancer drug. major side effects. given with ____ to reduce SE.
|
doxorubicin. SE - cardiotoxic, severe alopecia. given with Dexrazoxane to reduce heart toxicity
|
|
|
mitotic spindle inhibitors - prevent assembly: _____. prevent disassembly: _____. which are neurotoxic? which are bone marrow toxic?
|
vincristine, vinblastine
paclitaxel vincristine is neurotoxic paclitaxel and vinblastine are bone marrow toxic |
|
|
etoposide/teniposide - MOA, SE
|
-inhibit topoisomerase II
-high risk of secondary leukemia |
|
|
irinotecan - MOA, SE
|
topoisomerase I inhibitor.
causes severe diarrhea |
|
|
ER antagonist. unique aspect of its indications
|
tamoxifen. can be used prophylactically.
|
|
|
inhibits Estrogen synthesis:
|
aminoglutethimide
|
|
|
drugs to reduce androgens for prostate cancer
|
Flutamide and Leuprolide
|
|
|
Gleevec side effect
|
inhibits CYP3A4 - thus many other drugs' metabolism will be affected
|
|
|
gefitinib indications
|
NSCLC
|
|
|
proteosome inhibitor:
indication: |
bortezomib
multiple myeloma |
|
|
30% of tumors are HRE2-R positive. treat with:
|
Trastuzumab
|
|
|
Rituximab use
|
non-Hodgkins lymphoma. targets CD20 on B-cells
|
|
|
first line treatment for colorectal cancer - 4 parts -
|
Bevacizumab - angiogenesis inhibitor
irinotecan 5FU leucoverin |
