• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/60

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

60 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Meds for Cancer
1. Cytotoxic agents(chemotherapy): kill cancer cells
2. Hormones, hormone antagonists: mimic/block actions of endogenous hormones
3. Biological response modifiers: enhance immune action against cancer cells.
Cytotoxic Agents AE
1. Bone marrow suppression
2. Stomatitis- inflammation of oral mucosa
3. N/V- chemoreceptor trigger zone
4. Alopecia
5. Reproductive toxicity
6. Hyperurixemia- incr breakdown of DNA
7. Carcinogens
Alkylating Agents Def
disrupt DNA and RNA synthesis, cell-cycle phase non-specific.
Alkylating Agent: Type
Nitrogen Mustards: Cytoxan(prodrug, transformed in the liver)
Cytoxan MOA:
converted to active form in liver. Transfers an alkyl group to DNA structure--> crosslinking and breakage of DNA strand--> destroys cancer cell.
Cytoxan IND:
lymphomas
multiple myelomas
head and neck
ovary, breast
Cytoxan AE:
bone marrow suppression
n/v
HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS(inflammation of bladder, causing bleeding)
Cytoxan: Nursing
monitor urine output, assess for blood in urine
hydration( high doses of IV to flush medication out)
Platinum Compounds: Def
similar to alkylating agents, cell-cycle phase non-specific
Platinum Compounds: Type
Platinol-AQ
Platinol-AQ MOA
forms crosslinks btwn, w/in strands of DNA--> strand breakage--> death of cancer cell.
Platinol-AQ IND
metastatic testicular and ovarian cancer
advanced bladder cancer
Platinol-AQ AE
severe n/v
bone marrow suppression
TOXICITY TO THE EARS
RENAL DAMAGE
NEUROTOXICTY
Platinol-AQ: Nursing
monitor for tinnitus
hydrate
monitor for changes in sensation
Antimetabolites: Def
Either inhibit enzymes that synthesize cellular constituents or gets incorporated into DNA and distrupt replication. CELL CYCLE SPECIFIC-S(DNA SYNTHESIS/DNA COPYING)
Antimetabolites: Type
Folic Acid Analog: Methotrexate
Methotrexate MOA
inhibits enzyme that converts folic acid into active form. Need folic acid for synthesis of cellular constituents--precursors to DNA. Affects normal cells--> give LEUCOVORIN--bypasses metabolic caused by methotrexate.
Methotrexate IND
acute leukemia
lymphoma
head and neck cancer
osteogenic cancer
Methotrexate AE
bone marrow suppression
oral and GI ulceration
PULMONARY INFILTRATES & FIBROSIS
KIDNEY DAMAGE
Methotrexate NURSING
oral care, inc fluids
Anti-tumor Antibiotics: Def
Injure cells through direct interaction with DNA, cell-cycle phase NONSPECIFIC.
Anti-tumor Antibiotics: Type
Doxorubicin
Doxorubicin MOA
distorts DNA structure and inhibits DNA, RNA synthesis.
Doxorubicin IND
lymphomas, leukemias
bone cancer
CARCINOMAS: lung, stomach, breast, testes, thyroid.
Doxorubicin AE
bone marrow suppression
n/v
RED COLOR TO URINE< SWEAT
CARDIOTOXICITY(protect w/ ZINECARD)
Doxorubicin: Nursing Considerations
baseline echocardiogram before px is started to check for heart problems.
Mitotic Inhibitors: Def
prevent cell division. cell-cycle specific- M
Mitotic Inhibitors: Type
Vinca alkaloids: Oncovin
Oncovin: MOA
blocks mitosis by distrupting assemblyof microtubules that move chromosomes during cell division
Oncovin: IND
leukemia, lymphoma
breast cancer
bladder cancer
Oncovin: AE
alopecia
peripheral neuropathy
Oncovin: Nursing
assess for injury to neurons
Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Def
inhibits topoisomerase. Most are cell-cycle phase specific--S (impairs DNA synthesis/repilcation)
Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Type
Etoposide
Etoposide MOA
inhibits topoisemerase II, an enzyme that needed to reseal breaks in DNA strand--> cell death bc of accumulated broken DNA. Cell-cycle phases specific for S and partially G2
Etoposide IND
lung cance
testicular cancer
Etoposide AE
bone marrow suppression
n/v
stomatitis
HYPOTENSION
Etoposide: Nursing
administer slowly due to risk of hypotension
Others: Type
diff mechanism of action/Asparaginase
Asparaginase MOA
converts asparagine to aspartic acid--> deprives cells of asparagine, needed to synthesize proteins. Cell-cycle specific. G1 phase.
Asparaginase IND
acute leukemia
Asparaginase AE
injury to liver, pancreas, kidneys
CNS depression
n/v
Asparaginase: Nursing
monitor organ function
monitor mental status
Hormones/Hormone antagonists: Type
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GRH)/ Lupron
Lupron MOA:
suppresses androgen production by testes. Given sq daily or IM q month or q 3 months. Or once a yr as implant.
Lupron IND:
prostate cancer
Lupron AE
hot flashes
impotence
loss of libido
dec in muscle mass, inc in adipose tissue
inc risk of osteoporosis and fractures
Androgen Receptor Blockers: Type
Eulexin
Eulexin MOA
blocks androgen receptors in tumor cells, given w/ lupron to inc effectiveness.
Eulexin IND
prostate cancer
Eulexin AE
gynecomastia
liver toxicity
Antiestrogens: Type
Tamoxifen
Tamoxifen MOA
blocks estrogen receptors on breast cancer cells depriving them of estrogen. Selective estrogen modulator (SERM)- blocks receptors but also can activate.
Tamoxifen IND
tx breast cancer
prevent breast cancer in high-risk women(only effective in breast cancer with estrogen receptors)
Tamoxifen AE
hot flashes
fluid retention
vaginal discharge, menstrual irregularities(ESTROGEN ABNORMALITIES)
n/v
inc risk of blood clots and endometrial cancer
Aromatase Inhibitors: Type
Arimidex
Arimidex MOA:
blocks production of estrogen from androgenic precursors-- inhibits aromatase
Arimidex IND:
breast cancer in post menopausal women
Arimidex AE:
joint and muscle pain
inc risk of osteoporosis
Biological Response Modifiers(immune stimulants): Types
1. Interferon alfa 2a and 2b: effective against leukemias

2. Aldesleukin (Interleukin 2)/Proleukin: for metastatic renal cancer, metastatic melanoma.