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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Meds for Cancer
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1. Cytotoxic agents(chemotherapy): kill cancer cells
2. Hormones, hormone antagonists: mimic/block actions of endogenous hormones 3. Biological response modifiers: enhance immune action against cancer cells. |
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Cytotoxic Agents AE
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1. Bone marrow suppression
2. Stomatitis- inflammation of oral mucosa 3. N/V- chemoreceptor trigger zone 4. Alopecia 5. Reproductive toxicity 6. Hyperurixemia- incr breakdown of DNA 7. Carcinogens |
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Alkylating Agents Def
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disrupt DNA and RNA synthesis, cell-cycle phase non-specific.
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Alkylating Agent: Type
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Nitrogen Mustards: Cytoxan(prodrug, transformed in the liver)
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Cytoxan MOA:
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converted to active form in liver. Transfers an alkyl group to DNA structure--> crosslinking and breakage of DNA strand--> destroys cancer cell.
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Cytoxan IND:
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lymphomas
multiple myelomas head and neck ovary, breast |
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Cytoxan AE:
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bone marrow suppression
n/v HEMORRHAGIC CYSTITIS(inflammation of bladder, causing bleeding) |
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Cytoxan: Nursing
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monitor urine output, assess for blood in urine
hydration( high doses of IV to flush medication out) |
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Platinum Compounds: Def
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similar to alkylating agents, cell-cycle phase non-specific
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Platinum Compounds: Type
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Platinol-AQ
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Platinol-AQ MOA
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forms crosslinks btwn, w/in strands of DNA--> strand breakage--> death of cancer cell.
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Platinol-AQ IND
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metastatic testicular and ovarian cancer
advanced bladder cancer |
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Platinol-AQ AE
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severe n/v
bone marrow suppression TOXICITY TO THE EARS RENAL DAMAGE NEUROTOXICTY |
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Platinol-AQ: Nursing
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monitor for tinnitus
hydrate monitor for changes in sensation |
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Antimetabolites: Def
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Either inhibit enzymes that synthesize cellular constituents or gets incorporated into DNA and distrupt replication. CELL CYCLE SPECIFIC-S(DNA SYNTHESIS/DNA COPYING)
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Antimetabolites: Type
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Folic Acid Analog: Methotrexate
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Methotrexate MOA
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inhibits enzyme that converts folic acid into active form. Need folic acid for synthesis of cellular constituents--precursors to DNA. Affects normal cells--> give LEUCOVORIN--bypasses metabolic caused by methotrexate.
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Methotrexate IND
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acute leukemia
lymphoma head and neck cancer osteogenic cancer |
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Methotrexate AE
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bone marrow suppression
oral and GI ulceration PULMONARY INFILTRATES & FIBROSIS KIDNEY DAMAGE |
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Methotrexate NURSING
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oral care, inc fluids
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Anti-tumor Antibiotics: Def
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Injure cells through direct interaction with DNA, cell-cycle phase NONSPECIFIC.
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Anti-tumor Antibiotics: Type
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Doxorubicin
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Doxorubicin MOA
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distorts DNA structure and inhibits DNA, RNA synthesis.
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Doxorubicin IND
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lymphomas, leukemias
bone cancer CARCINOMAS: lung, stomach, breast, testes, thyroid. |
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Doxorubicin AE
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bone marrow suppression
n/v RED COLOR TO URINE< SWEAT CARDIOTOXICITY(protect w/ ZINECARD) |
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Doxorubicin: Nursing Considerations
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baseline echocardiogram before px is started to check for heart problems.
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Mitotic Inhibitors: Def
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prevent cell division. cell-cycle specific- M
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Mitotic Inhibitors: Type
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Vinca alkaloids: Oncovin
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Oncovin: MOA
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blocks mitosis by distrupting assemblyof microtubules that move chromosomes during cell division
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Oncovin: IND
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leukemia, lymphoma
breast cancer bladder cancer |
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Oncovin: AE
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alopecia
peripheral neuropathy |
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Oncovin: Nursing
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assess for injury to neurons
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Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Def
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inhibits topoisomerase. Most are cell-cycle phase specific--S (impairs DNA synthesis/repilcation)
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Topoisomerase Inhibitors: Type
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Etoposide
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Etoposide MOA
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inhibits topoisemerase II, an enzyme that needed to reseal breaks in DNA strand--> cell death bc of accumulated broken DNA. Cell-cycle phases specific for S and partially G2
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Etoposide IND
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lung cance
testicular cancer |
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Etoposide AE
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bone marrow suppression
n/v stomatitis HYPOTENSION |
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Etoposide: Nursing
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administer slowly due to risk of hypotension
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Others: Type
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diff mechanism of action/Asparaginase
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Asparaginase MOA
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converts asparagine to aspartic acid--> deprives cells of asparagine, needed to synthesize proteins. Cell-cycle specific. G1 phase.
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Asparaginase IND
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acute leukemia
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Asparaginase AE
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injury to liver, pancreas, kidneys
CNS depression n/v |
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Asparaginase: Nursing
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monitor organ function
monitor mental status |
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Hormones/Hormone antagonists: Type
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Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GRH)/ Lupron
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Lupron MOA:
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suppresses androgen production by testes. Given sq daily or IM q month or q 3 months. Or once a yr as implant.
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Lupron IND:
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prostate cancer
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Lupron AE
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hot flashes
impotence loss of libido dec in muscle mass, inc in adipose tissue inc risk of osteoporosis and fractures |
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Androgen Receptor Blockers: Type
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Eulexin
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Eulexin MOA
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blocks androgen receptors in tumor cells, given w/ lupron to inc effectiveness.
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Eulexin IND
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prostate cancer
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Eulexin AE
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gynecomastia
liver toxicity |
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Antiestrogens: Type
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Tamoxifen
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Tamoxifen MOA
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blocks estrogen receptors on breast cancer cells depriving them of estrogen. Selective estrogen modulator (SERM)- blocks receptors but also can activate.
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Tamoxifen IND
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tx breast cancer
prevent breast cancer in high-risk women(only effective in breast cancer with estrogen receptors) |
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Tamoxifen AE
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hot flashes
fluid retention vaginal discharge, menstrual irregularities(ESTROGEN ABNORMALITIES) n/v inc risk of blood clots and endometrial cancer |
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Aromatase Inhibitors: Type
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Arimidex
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Arimidex MOA:
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blocks production of estrogen from androgenic precursors-- inhibits aromatase
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Arimidex IND:
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breast cancer in post menopausal women
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Arimidex AE:
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joint and muscle pain
inc risk of osteoporosis |
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Biological Response Modifiers(immune stimulants): Types
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1. Interferon alfa 2a and 2b: effective against leukemias
2. Aldesleukin (Interleukin 2)/Proleukin: for metastatic renal cancer, metastatic melanoma. |