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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Tumors
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-group of abnormal cells w/altered DNA
Metastasis~ cells move thru blood + lymph nodes (lymphatic system carries tissue fluid + blood) -broken off cells invade healthy tissue + start new tumors |
what is it...
metastasis |
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Benign Tumor
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-can’t metastasize
-easily removed -can kill you if no grow room (brain…) -wart, cyst, birthmark |
-can it kill you?
-where is it... |
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Malignant
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-uncontrollable dividing cells
-metastasizes fast = cancer -kills by crowding out healthy cells |
-why bad?
-how is it fatal? |
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Genetic Cause of cancer
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(genes in chromosomes in nucleus of cells)
Proto-oncogene- makes cells divide by producing proteins to give instruction Anti-oncogene- suppresses growth w/protein that monitors protoncogene Gene Mutation (recessive so can be masked if other gene is good) Proto-oncogene- becomes oncogene + its protein changes so anticogene protein can’t stop division -becomes hyperactive too Anti-oncogene- its protein’s chemical make-up messed up so it can’t suppress growth |
-what/where are they...
-what they do normally -mutation |
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p53’s Job:
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(gene that makes protein 53)
-directs damage control -recognizes damage to DNA by sun: 1. Turns off mitosis till damage fixed (DNA polymerase cuts out bad) 2. Signals cell’s lysosome to release enzymes in it = suicide |
-what...
-what it does... -how it does it (2 ways) |
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Manipulation of Environment...
Immune System |
1- Immune System:
-helper T cells signal cytotoxic T cells to puncture cancer cells -TGF-beta makes protein that causes tumor to be “invisible” to ImS |
-who...
-do what (norm)... -do what... |
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Manipulation of Environment...
Blood Vessels |
2- Blood Vessels:
-TAF (tumor angiogenesis factor) manipulates blood vessels to grow in tumor -bring blood (oxygen) + take out waste |
-Angie + bible
-result... |
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Age Relation
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(immune system = less effective)
-thymus gland produces less T cells (not as effective) -longer time to get mutation |
-what is weaker?
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Detecting Cancer:
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Papsmere- check for cervical cancer
Testicular/Self Breast exam~ feel for lumps Moles~ change in color, texture, shape, etc. |
-3/4
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Fruits + Veggies:
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1.Oxygen mlcs lose electron = free radicals
2.Take electrons from other mlcs = oxidative damage 3.W/Time this can alter cells’ DNA + lead to cancer 3.Fruits + Veggies have vitamins A, C, E, that give up electrons to radicals 4.Stabilize radicals + avoid cancer |
-name of oxygen
-what norm = bad -what in fruits/veggies helps? |
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Treating Cancer...
Gene Therapy... what cancer cells do |
-copy genes in DNA to mRNA
-proteins made for genes -growth-promoting gene made into protein causes cells to divide/grow fast |
-DNA/mRNA...
-genes...proteins |
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Treating Cancer...
Gene Therapy... prevention |
-Anti-sense DNA (synthetic substances) matches part of mRNA
-enters cell + sticks to part of mRNA -blocks genes from becoming proteins that will make cell divide/grow fast |
-name of DNA
-what is new DNA -what + how ...block |
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Treating Cancer...
Starving Tumors |
(anitangiogenesis factor)
-Avastin (genetically engineered mouse antibody) given w/chemotherapy drugs for colon cancer -bound to VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) so the protein can’t stimulate blood vessel growth -tumor can’t get blood, oxygen, nutrient, etc. -delays tumor growth |
-what is Avastin
-used w/... -for what cancer -what makes vessels grow -result? |
