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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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psammoma bodies (laminated, concentric, calcific sperules) are seen in these cancers
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papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid
serous papillary cystadenocarcinoma of ovary meningioma malignant mesothelioma |
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primary tumors that metastasize to the brain
(lots of bad stuff kill glia) |
lung
breast skin (melanoma) kidney (renal cell carcinoma) GI |
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primary tumors that metastasize to the liver
(cancer sometimes penetrates benign liver) |
colon
stomach (early mets) pancreas breast lung |
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primary tumors that metastasize to bone
(PT Barnum Loves Kids) |
prostate* (blastic)
thyroid testes breast* (both lytic and blastic) lung (lytic) kidney |
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risk factors for esophageal cancer (ABCDEF)
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alcohol/achalasia
barrett's esophagus cigarettes diverticuli (zenker) esophageal web (plummer-vinson) familial |
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risk factors for stomach cancer
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nitrosamines (japan)
acholorhydria chronic gastritis type A blood |
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features of stomach cancer
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linitis plastica (diffuse)
signet ring cells (and krukenburg tumors) acanthosis nigricans virchow's node on left mostly in antrum/pylorus |
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various causes of colon cancer
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IBD (UC)
FAP (apc tumor suppressor on chrom 5q) HNPCC (DNA mismatch) peutz-jeghers (hamartous) |
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features of colon cancer
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apple core lesion on barium x-ray
CEA tumor marker mostly due to chromosomal instability |
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most common small bowel tumor
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carcinoid
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features of carcinoid
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endocrine cells
dense core bodies on EM wheezing, right sided murmur, diarrhea, flushing must metastasize to produce symptoms |
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causes of hepatocellular carcinoma
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hep b/c
wilson's hemachromatosis AAT cirrhosis |
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features of hepatocellular carcinoma
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tender hepatomegaly
ascites polycythemia (elev. EPO) hypoglycemia (elev IGF) |
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features of pancreatic adenocarcinoma
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abdominal pain rads to back
weight loss migratory thrombophlebitis (trousseau's syndrome) obstructive jaundice/palpable gall bladder (courvoisier's sign) due to head compressing bile duct or ampulla of vater |
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bone tumor associated with Gardner's syndrome (FAP)
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osteoma
new bone grows on old bone, often in the skull |
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tumors most common in men younger than 25
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osteoid osteoma
osteochondroma |
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tumor found predominately in vertebral column
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osteoblastoma
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features of the most common benign bone tumor
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osteoChondroma
Cartilage Cap long metaphysis |
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features of osteoid osteoma
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interlacing trabecula of woven bone (radiolucent)
surrounded by osteoblasts found in proximal tibia and femur night pain relieved by aspirin |
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benign carliginous neoplasm found in intramedullary bone
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enchondroma
usually in distal extremities |
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features of giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)
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epiphyseal ends of long bones
locally aggressive , usually around the knee double bubble/soap bubble on x-ray spindle shaped cels with multinucleated giant cells 20-40 yrs |
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features of chondrosarcoma
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expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity
pelvis or proximal femur goes to the lung 30-60 years old |
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features of Ewing's sarcoma
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anaplastic small blue cell
onion skin appearance 11;22 translocation daiphysis of long bones, pelvis, scapula, ribs boys less than 15 aggressive with early mets |
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features of osteosarcoma
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2MC primary malignant tumor after MM
metaphysis of long bones (knee) Codman's triangle (tumor lifts periosteum) age 10-20 |
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pre-disposing factors for osteosarcoma
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paget's disease
Rb bone infarcts radiation poor prognosis :-( |
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features of lipoma
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soft, well encapsulated fat tumor
benign excision is usually curative |
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features of liposarcoma
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malignant fat tumor
large will recur if not adequately excised |
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features of rhabdomyosarcoma
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most common soft tissue tumor of childhood
malignant arises from skeletal muscle, usually in head/neck contains desmin |
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features of glioblastoma multiforme
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usually found in white matter (brain stem in kids)
cerebral hemispheres can cross corpus callosum stains for GFAP pseudopalisading pleomorphic tumors cells (central necrosis) glomeruloid |
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features of meningioma
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convexities of hemispheres and parasagittal region
arises from arachnoid cells spindle cells concentrically arranged in whorled pattern can cause mass lesions and seizures osteoblastic |
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features of schwannoma
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schwann cell origin
CN8 bilateral, associated with NF2 |
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features of oligodendroglioma
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frontal lobes (or cerebral hemispheres)
chicken wire capillary pattern fried egg appearance (round nuceli with clear cytoplasm) |
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features of pituitary adenoma
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prolactin secreting
bitemporal hemianopia hyper or hypo-pituitarism from Rathke's pouch |
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features of pilocytic astrocytoma
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posterior fossa
rosenthal fibers (eosinophilic, corkscrew) mural nodules |
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features of medulloblastoma
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highly malignant cerebellar tumor
primitive neuroectodermal tumor can compress 4V rosette/pseudorosette pattern neuronal and glial differentiation |
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features of ependymoma
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4V
rod shaped blepharoplasts (basal ciliary bodies) found near nucleus |
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features of hemangioblastoma
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cerebellar usually
von Hippel Lindau if found with retinal angiomas produces EPO-->2* polycythemia foamy cells and high vascularity |
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features of craniopharyngioma
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benign
confused with pituitary adenoma causes diabetes insipidus and visual defects calcification common (tooth like) Rathke's pouch. benign |
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uses of Ki-67
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neoplastic replicative activity of brain tumors, growth rate and prognosis
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