Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the 2 types of radiation therapy?
|
1. Teletherapy (machine is at a distance and sends gamma rays or electrons)
2. Brachytherapy (unsealed sources like liquids and sealed sources-implants) |
|
|
What are side effects of radiation therapy?
|
Nausea/vomiting, hair loss, diarrhea, skin reaction, dysphagia, neutropenia, fatigue
|
|
|
Most common side effect of radiation
|
fatigue
|
|
|
When does hair grow back?
|
A few months after last radiation treatment
|
|
|
Radiodermatitis
|
occurs 3-6 weeks after treatment begins. Wash with lukewarm water and pat dry. Avoid exposure to sun or direct heat.
|
|
|
Wet reaction
|
Skin weeps due to loss of top layer. Keep exposed to air, clean with warm water and pat dry
|
|
|
Radiation badges should not exceed what reading?
|
1250 in 3 months
|
|
|
Before each chemo administration what should you do?
|
Get a height and weight bc doses depend on total BSA.
|
|
|
What is the antidote to methotrexate?
|
leucovorin
|
|
|
What drug can you use to lower uric acid levels that result from rapid cell destruction?
|
allopurinol
|
|
|
venous access devices are used for
|
prolonged infusions
|
|
|
intra-arterial acess is used to
|
deliver chemo direcctly to tumor site in high concentration while decreasing the drug's systemic effect
|
|
|
intraperitoneal access is used
|
in ovarian and colon CA. High concentrations are delivered and then drained out.
|
|
|
Extravasion
|
medication leaks into surrounding skin and subQ tissue, causing tissue necrosis.
Apply ice or heat to site and inject the antidote into the site |
|
|
Whaen do you hold chemo meds?
|
If neutrophil count is below 2,000 or if platelets are below 75,000
|
|
|
What is mucositis?
|
ulcerations and tenderness in mucous membranes
|
|
|
What are neutropenic precautions?
|
do not eat raw foods.
do not eat fresh fruits/veggies do not eat cheeses Do not eat uncooked meats/sushi/lox do not keep fresh plants in home do not use anything you have to insert into rectum or vagina do not garden or clean litter box do not thrust vigorously during sex |
|
|
Interleukins
|
help body recognize and destroy abnormal cells
|
|
|
Interferons
|
slow down cell division and cause CA cells to differentiate into nonproliferative forms
|
|
|
Early DIC intevention
|
antibiotics and anticoagulants
|
|
|
Late DIC intervention
|
cryoprecipitate clotting factors bc the person is probably hemorrhaging
|
|
|
SIADH
Tx? |
excessive water retention and hyponatremia
Tx = demeclocycline |
|
|
tumor lysis syndrome
|
occurs when tumor cells are being destroyed so fast that potassium and uric acid are released into the blood faster than the body can eliminate them.
|
|
|
treatment for tumor lysis syndrome
|
glucose + insulin for hyperkalemia
allopurinol to get rid of wastes |
|
|
superior vena cava syndrome
|
blood flow is blocked to the head and upper trunk. you see edema in face (esp. eyes) and tightness of shirt collar (Stoke's sign)
-Late symptoms are edema in extremities, dyspnea, red upper body, and nosebleeds |
|
|
oncogenes
|
genes whose presence can lead to cancer
|
|
|
proto-oncogenes
|
genes that resemble oncogenes but do not lead to cancer by themselves.
|
|
|
What is most closely associated with inherited cancers?
|
inactivation of tumor suppressor genes.
|
|
|
What is the most common AND most significant site of cancer metastasis?
|
bone
|
|
|
How does tumor grading work?
|
1= well differentiated (not cancer)
4 = not differentiated at all (cancerous) |
|
|
lymphoma
|
involves B lymphocytes
|
|
|
myelodysplastic syndrome
|
NOT malignant!!! disorder of bone marrow
|
|
|
myeloma
|
cancer involving plasma cells
|
