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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four most common cancers in the UK? |
Lung |
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What are the four main modalities for cancer treatment currently? |
Surgery |
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What are the types of genetic mutation that can cause cancer? |
Chromosome translocation (e.g. BCR-ABL) Point mutation involving insertion/deletion within a promoter or gene enhancer region Epigenetic changes which influence gene expressions |
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What are the types of chemotherapy? |
Systemic cytotoxic |
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What are the types of immunotherapy? |
Small molecule inhibitors Monoclonal antibodies |
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What is radiotherapy as regards cancer? |
Ionising radiation which tries to target rapidly dividing cells because those are where the DNA is most exoised during mitosis etc. |
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What are the features of cancer cells which distinguish them from healthy cells? (Hallmarks of cancer - 10) |
Non-senescence Angiogenic |
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What does the term adjuvant chemotherapy refer to? |
Further therapy given after the primary treatment (e.g. tumour removal) to try and lower the risk that the cancer will return |
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What are the routes of administration of chemotherapy? |
IV usually |
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What do alkylating agents do? |
They add alkyl groups to GUANINE residues
Alkyl = CnHn+2 |
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How does this help/stop replication? |
Cross-linking between DNA and inter-protein inter-strand |
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How do alkylating agents trigger apoptosis? |
Checkpoint pathway |
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How do alkylating encourage mispairing? and what is bad about this? |
Guanine.. |
