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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the tissue of origin of a carcinoma?
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epithelial cells
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What is the tissue of origin of sarcomas?
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mesenchymal cells (muscle, bone, blood vessels)
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What are three techniques to identify the tissue of origin of a cancer?
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1. appearance
2. immunohistochemical staining 3. molecular studies |
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What is used for anticipatory nausea?
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benzodiazepines (lorazepam)
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What is the best first-line investigation for spinal cord compression?
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MRI of spine
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What is immediate treatment for suspected spinal cord compression while awaiting permanent therapy?
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steroids - dexamethasone
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What are some treatments for neuropathic pain?
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1. Tricyclic antidepressants
2. Anticonvulsants 3. SNRIs |
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What drugs are used to prevent bone-related pathology in metastatic cancer?
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1. bisphosphonates
2. RANKL inhibitors (denosumab) |
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list 4 goals of cancer therapy
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1. cure
2. improve quality of life 3. prolong life 4. manage and improve symptoms |
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What are 4 cancer related oncologic emergencies?
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1. hypercalcemia
2. spinal cord compression 3. bleeding 4. superior vena cava obstruction |
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What are 5 treatment induced oncologic emergencies?
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1. febrile neutropenia
2. bleeding 3. diarrhoea 4. infusion reactions 5. radiation pneumonitis |
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What are the 4 R's of radiotherapy?
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1. repair
2. reoxygenation 3. redistribution 4. repopulation |
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What are some long term side effects of radiotherapy and systemic therapy? (5)
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1. hormonal changes
2. permanent damage to organs 3. infertility 4. secondary malignancies 5. psychological / body image |
