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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Matter
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Anything that occupies space and has mass.
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Element
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A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means. Scientists recognized 92 Chemical elements occurring in nature.
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Trace Element
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An element that is essential for the survival of an organism but is needed in only minute quantities.
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Atom
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The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
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Proton
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A subatomic particle with a single unit of positive electrical charge, found in the nucleus of an atom.
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Electron
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A subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electrical char. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom.
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Neutron
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An electrically neutral particle (a particle having no electrical charge), found in the nucleus of an atom.
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Nucleus
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1 An atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons 2 The genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell
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Atomic Number
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The number of protons in each atom of a particular element.
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Mass
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A measure of the amount of material in an object.
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Mass Number
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The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
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Isotopes
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A variant form of an atom._____ of an element have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neurons.
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Radioactive Isotope
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An isotope whose nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles and energy.
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Chemical Bonds
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An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outershell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. The bonded atoms give complete outer electron shells.
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Ion
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An atom of molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring an electrical charge.
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Ionic Bond
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An attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges. The electrical attraction of the opposite charges holds the ions together.
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Covalent Bond
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An attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of outershell electrons.
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Molecule
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A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
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Polar Molecule
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A molecule containing polar covalent bonds (having opposite charges on opposite ends).
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Hydrogen Bonds
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A type of weak chemical bond formed when a partially positive hydrogen atom from one polar molecule is attracted to the partially negative atom in another molecule (or in another part of the same molecule).
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Chemical Reactions
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A process leading to chemical changes in matter, involving the making and/or breaking of chemical bonds.
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Reactant
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A starting material in a chemical reaction.
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Product
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An ending material in a chemical reaction.
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Heat
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The amount of kinetic energy contained in the movement of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter. Heat is energy in its most random form.
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Temperature
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A measure of the intensity of heat, reflecting the average kinetic energy or speed of molecules.
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Evaporative Cooling
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A property of water whereby a body becomes cooler a water evaporates from it.
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Solution
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A liquid consisting of a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances: a dissolving agent, the solvent, and a substance that is dissolved, the solute.
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Solvent
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The dissolving agent in a solution. Water is the most versatile known ___.
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Solute
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A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
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Aqueous Solution
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A solution in which water is the solvent.
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Acid
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A substance that increases the hydrogen ion (H positive) concentration in a solution.
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Base
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A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion (H positive) concentration in a solution.
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pH Scale
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A measure of the relative acidity of a solution, ranging in value from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic). pH stands for potential hydrogen and refers to the concentration of hydrogen ions (H positive).
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Buffer
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A chemical substance that resists changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions.
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