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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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process in which 1 species splits into 2 or more species
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speciation
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Evolutionary change above the species level
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macroevolution
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a species as a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce offspring but do not w/ members of other such grps.
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biological species concept
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The existence of biological factors (barriers) that impede members of two species from producing offspring
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reproductive isolation
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offspring that result from a interspecific mating
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hybrids
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a reproductive barriers that block fertilization from occurring if mating is attempted
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pre-zygotic barriers
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reproductive barrier that prevents hybrid zygotes produced by two different species from developing into fertile adults
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post-zygotic barriers
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Definition of a species in terms body shape and other structural features
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morphological species concept
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definition of species by the sum of how members of the species interact with the nonliving and living parts of their environment (ecological niche)
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ecological species concept
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definition of species by the smallest group of individuals that share a common ancestor, forming one branch on the tree of life
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phylogenetic species concept
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The formation of new species in populations that are geographically isolated from one another
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allopatric speciation
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The formation of new species in populations that live in the same geographic area
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sympatric speciation
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chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets
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polyploidy
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result of an accident during cell division
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An individual that has more than two chromosome sets that are all derived from a single species.
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autopolyploidy
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usually in plants
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A fertile individual that has more than two chromosome sets as a result of two different species interbreeding and combining their chromosomes
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allopolyploidy
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a region in which members of different species meet and mate, producing at least some offspring of mixed ancestry
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hybrid zone
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a process where natural selection strengthens prezygotic barriers to reproduction, thus reducing the chances of hybrid formation
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reinforcement
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likely to occur only if hybrid offspring are less fit than members of the parent species
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long periods of apparent stasis, in which a species undergoes little or no morphological change, interrupted by brief periods of sudden change
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punctuated equilibrium
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