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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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chromosome theory of inheritance
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principle stating that genes are located at specific positions (loci) on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns
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wild type
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The phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the individual with that phenotype.
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most common
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sex-linked gene
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A gene located on either sex chromosome.
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X-linked gene
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A gene located on the X chromosome; such genes show a distinctive pattern of inheritance. Ex: colorblindness
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue
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hemophilia
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x-linked recessive disorder defined by the absence of 1 or more proteins responsible for blood clotting
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blood
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Barr body
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A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome.
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linked genes
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genes located next to each other on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses
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genetic recombination
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the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either P generation parent
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parental types
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An offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the true-breeding parental (P generation) phenotypes
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recombinant types (recombinants)
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An offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the true-breeding P generation parents
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crossing over
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The reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.
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genetic map
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an ordered list of the genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) a particular chromosome
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linkage map
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A genetic map based on recombination frequencies between markers during crossing over
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map units
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A unit of measurement of the distance between genes. One map unit is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency
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nondisjunction
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An error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other
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aneuploidy
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A chromosomal irregularity in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number
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monosomic (monosomy)
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a diploid cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two
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trisomic (trisomy)
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a diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two
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polyploidy
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A chromosomal alteration in where the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is the result of an accident of cell division
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deletion
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when a chromosome fragment is lost
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duplication
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when a chromosome fragment is duplicated (extra piece)
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inversion
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when a chromosome fragment reattaches to the original chromosome but in the reverse orientation
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translocation
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when a chromosome fragment joins a non homologous chromosome
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down syndrome
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genetic disease usually caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21
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geneomic imprinting
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A phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent
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