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24 Cards in this Set

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A hereditable feature that varies among individuals
Character
such as flower color
One of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character
trait
Referring to organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self-pollination
true-breeding
self pollination
In genetics, the mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties
hybridization
The true-breeding (homozygous) parent individuals from which F1 hybrid offspring are derived
P generation
The first hybrid (heterozygous) offspring arising from a parental (P generation) cross.
F1 generation
offspring
The offspring resulting from interbreeding (or self-pollination) of the hybrid F1 generation
F2 generation
Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable characteristics
alleles
An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote (offspring)
dominant allele
An allele that has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance
recessive allele
a law that states the two alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
Law of Segregation
rule for alleles
A diagram used for predicting the allele composition of offspring from a cross between individuals of a known genetic makeup
Punnett Square
Having two identical alleles for a given gene
homozygous
Having two different alleles for a given gene
heterozygous
The observable traits of an organism, determined by its genetic makeup
phenotype
The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism
genotype
Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a recessive homozygote to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring reveals the unknown genotype.
testcross
An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest.
monohybrid
All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles
A cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for the character being observed
monohybrid cross
if both parents were (Aa) and were cross bred
An organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest. For example, parents of genotypes AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of genotype AaBb
dihybrids
A cross between two organisms that are each heterozygous for both of the characters being observed
dihybrid cross
if both parents were (AaBb) and were crossbred
Law that states two or more genes assort independently (segregates independently of each other pair) during gamete formation
Law of Independent Assortment
rule stating that the probability of two or more independent events occurring together can be determined by multiplying their individual probabilities
multiplication rule
rule stating that the probability of any one of two or more mutually exclusive events occurring can be determined by adding their individual probabilities.
addition rule