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24 Cards in this Set
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A hereditable feature that varies among individuals
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Character
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such as flower color
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One of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character
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trait
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Referring to organisms that produce offspring of the same variety over many generations of self-pollination
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true-breeding
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self pollination
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In genetics, the mating, or crossing, of two true-breeding varieties
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hybridization
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The true-breeding (homozygous) parent individuals from which F1 hybrid offspring are derived
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P generation
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The first hybrid (heterozygous) offspring arising from a parental (P generation) cross.
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F1 generation
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offspring
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The offspring resulting from interbreeding (or self-pollination) of the hybrid F1 generation
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F2 generation
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Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable characteristics
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alleles
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An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote (offspring)
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dominant allele
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An allele that has no noticeable effect on the organism's appearance
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recessive allele
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a law that states the two alleles for a heritable character segregate during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
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Law of Segregation
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rule for alleles
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A diagram used for predicting the allele composition of offspring from a cross between individuals of a known genetic makeup
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Punnett Square
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Having two identical alleles for a given gene
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homozygous
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Having two different alleles for a given gene
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heterozygous
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The observable traits of an organism, determined by its genetic makeup
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phenotype
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The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism
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genotype
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Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a recessive homozygote to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring reveals the unknown genotype.
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testcross
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An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest.
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monohybrid
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All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles
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A cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for the character being observed
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monohybrid cross
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if both parents were (Aa) and were cross bred
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An organism that is heterozygous with respect to two genes of interest. For example, parents of genotypes AABB and aabb produce a dihybrid of genotype AaBb
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dihybrids
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A cross between two organisms that are each heterozygous for both of the characters being observed
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dihybrid cross
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if both parents were (AaBb) and were crossbred
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Law that states two or more genes assort independently (segregates independently of each other pair) during gamete formation
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Law of Independent Assortment
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rule stating that the probability of two or more independent events occurring together can be determined by multiplying their individual probabilities
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multiplication rule
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rule stating that the probability of any one of two or more mutually exclusive events occurring can be determined by adding their individual probabilities.
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addition rule
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