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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two germ layers
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Diploblastic
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Three germ layers
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Triploblastic
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Protostome
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Mouth develops from blastopore
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Deuterostome
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Anus develops from blastopore
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Acoela
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Flatworms separate from Platyhelmenthes
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Onychophora
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Velvet worms
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Porifera (sponges)
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Lack true tissues, have choanocytes (collar cells- flagellated cells that ingest bacteria and tiny food particles)
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Cnidaria (hydras, jellies, sea anemones, corals)
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Unique stinging structures (nematocysts) housed in specialized cells (cnidocytes); diploblastic (two germ layers); radial symmetry; GV cavity (single opening)
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Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
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Dorsoventrally flattened, unsegmented acoelomates; GV cavity OR no digestive tract
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Rotifera (rotifers)
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Pseudocoelomates with alimentary canal (digestive tube with mouth and anus); jaws in pharynx; head with ciliated crown
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Lophophorates: Ectoprocta, Brachiopoda
(mossy clumpy and lamp shells) |
Coelomates with lophophores (feeding structures bearing ciliated tentacles)
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Mollusca
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Coelomates with three main body parts: Muscular foot, visceral mass, mantle. Coelom reduced, most have hard shell of CaCO3
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Annelida (segmented worms)
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Coelomates with segmented body wall and internal organs
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Nematoda (roundworms)
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Cylindrical, unsegmented pseudocoelomates with tapered ends; no circulatory system, undergo ecdysis
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Arthropoda (crustaceans, insects, spiders)
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Coelomates with segmented body (Hox genes), jointed appendages, and exoskeleton made of protein and chitin
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Echinodermata (sea stars and urchins)
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Coelomates with bilaterally symmetrical larvae and five-part body organization as adults, unique water-vascular system, endoskeleton
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Chordata (Lancelets, turnicates, vertebrates)
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Coelomates with notochord, dorsal, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail
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notochord
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longitudinal, flexible rod located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord
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amniotic egg
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Four specialized membranes:
Amnion, Chorion, Yolk Sac, Allantois |
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Amnion
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Protects the embryo in a fluid-filled cavity that cushions against shock.
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Chorion
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Exchanges gases between the embryo and the air.
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Yolk Sac
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Contains the yolk, a stockpile of nutrients. Blood vessels in the yolk sac membrane transport nutrients from the yolk into the embryo.
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Allantois
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Disposal sac for metabolic wastes from the embryo; also functions with the chorion in respiration.
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Four chordate characteristics
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1) Notochord
2) Dorsal, hollow nerve cord 3) Pharyngeal Slits or Clefts 4) Muscular, post-anal tail |
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Cephalochordata (lancelets)
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Basal chordates; marine suspension feeders; exhibit the four chordate characteristics
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Urochordata (turnicates)
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Marine suspension feeders, larvae show chordate features
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Myxini (hagfishes)
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Jawless marine organisms, have head that includes skull and brain, eyes, and other sensory organs
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Petromyzontida (lampreys)
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Jawless vertebrates, typically feed by attaching to live fish
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Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays, skates, ratfishes)
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Gnathosomes (hinged jaws) with cartilage skeleton
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Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
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Gnathosomes, bony skeleton and manuverable fins supported by rays
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Actinistia (coelacanths)
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Ancient lobe-fins
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Dipnoi (lungfishes)
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Freshwater lobe-fins with lungs and gills, sister group of tetrapods
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Amphibia (frogs, salamanders, caecilians)
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Tetrapods, most have moist skin for gas exchange, many live on land and water
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Reptilia (tuataras, lizards and snakes, turtles, crocodilians, birds)
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Amniotes, rib cage ventilation
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Monotremes
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Egg-laying mammals
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Marsupials
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Pouch-bearing mammals
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Eutherians
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Placental mammals
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Annelid circulatory system
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Closed
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Sea star circulatory system
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Water-Vascular System
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Open circulatory system?
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Mollusca and Arthropoda
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Grasshopper respiration
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Spiracles, trachae
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Sea star respiration?
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Diffusion
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Lancelet respiration?
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Diffusion
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Planarian Excretory?
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Flame cells
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Annelid and clam excretory?
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Nephridia and anus
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Roundworm excretory?
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Lateral line
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Crayfish excretory
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Green glands
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Grasshopper excretory
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Malpighian tubules
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Sea star excretory
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Diffusion of nitrogenous waste
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Lancelet excretory
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Nephridia
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Annelid locomotion
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Parapodia, setae
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Roundworm locomotion
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Longitudinal muscles
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Roundworm support system?
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Hydrostatic and cuticle
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Lancelet support system
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Notochord, hydrostatic
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Hydra nervous system
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Nerve Net
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Planarian Nervous System
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Brain, two nerves
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Clam Nervous System
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Ganglia connected by nerves
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Roundworm nervous system
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Dorsal and ventral nerve cord
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Grasshopper and crayfish nervous system
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Brain and ventral nerve cord
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Lancelet nervous system
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Ventral and dorsal
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Sponge Reproduction
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Asexual: regeneration, gemmules in FW
Sexual: hermaphrodite |
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Cnidaria layers
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Diploblastic:
Ecto, mesoglea, endo |
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Cnidaria Reproduction
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Asexual: budding
Sexual: sperm and egg |
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Ctenophora
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No nematocysts- colloblasts- sticky
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Tapeworms
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Playhelminthes
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Rotifera
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Pseudocoelomate; FW, marine, soil; mastax: feeding; parthogenesis: clones itself
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Mantle
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Secretes shell
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Mollusca respiration:
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Gills or ctenidia (NOT lungs)
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Nematoda cavity?
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pseudocoelomate
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Myriapoda
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Centipedes: 1 pair of legs per segment
Millipedes: 2 pairs of legs per segment |
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Incomplete metamorphosis
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Egg- nymph- adult
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Oivipary
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Egg-laying: case
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Ovivipary
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Eggs retained in uterus: hatch inside, then born
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Vivipary
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Live-bearing
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Mammilian glands
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Mammary, sebaceous, sweat, scent
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