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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is vitamin D formed?
Where is fully activated Vitamin D produced? What is added to activate vitamin D? Activated vitamin D is also known as... |
Skin
kidney 1-hydroxyl group Calcitriol |
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Parathyroid hormone is secreted in response to...
It reacts to what type of receptor.... PTH causes ...... of bones, which is done by promoting ..... maturation It also decreases ....... synthesis by ...... PTH also regulates amount of ..... reabsorbed |
low blood Ca2+
G-protein couple receptor (GPCR) osteoclast collagen synthesis by osteoblast Calcium |
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If you have kidney disease, what type of vitamin D must you receive?
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1-hydroxy or calcitriol
Because kidney activates vitamin D by adding this |
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Calcitonin is secreted by the ....
Stimulated by increased blood .... as well as some ..... Calcitonin signals.... |
parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland; C cells
Calcium as well as some GI hormones Storage of Ca |
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Where is the 25-hydroxy group added to vitamin D?
Once vitamin D is activated it travels to the gut and activates.... What must you have to take up Ca |
the liver
genes for calcium transporters in the gut to allow Ca to be absorbed Vitamin D |
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When there is low Ca, it stimulates...
This stimulant causes more activation of .... Also, this causes Ca reabsorption in .... What does the increase of Ca2+ in the blood do? (after the fact) |
PTH
Active Vitamin D glomerulus/tubules. Inhibit parathyroid hormone |
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If Ca is still low, what does PTH do?
What inhibits PTH |
inhibits osteoblast and activates osteoclast and Ca resorption
Increases Ca channels in gut to uptake more Ca - active Ca inhibits PTH |
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If Ca is high what happens?
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PTH is decreased
Ca is no not uptook in the gut and excreted in the kidneys Calcitonin is produced from C-cells and promotes bone mineralization Calcitonin also inhbits 25, hydroxy D3 and makes 24,25 dihydroxy D3 |
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what do these hormones do to Ca and phosphorus (individually)
PTH Vitamin D3 Calcitonin (only calcium) |
PTH: Increases Ca uptake in GI and increase resorption from bone
decrease plasma P; excreted in urine Vitamin D3: Increases Ca uptake from GI Increase P uptake from GI Calcitonin: decrease plasma Ca and increase into bone |
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Hypercalcemia:
Hyperparathyroidism Addison's disease Tumors |
Hyperparathyroidism - too much PTH
Addison's disease - will have volume contraction, osmolarity increases Tumors - release cytokines that stimulate bone resorption (IL-1 and 6) |
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Hyperparathyroidism:
Primary Secondary |
Primary - gland is not listening to signals, disregulation with in gland ex. paraythyroid adenoma
Secondary - defect at glads that regulate hormone production/release at the gland, defects else where telling gland what to do. |
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Hypocalcemia can be caused by ...
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not enough Vit D or calcium, could have problem with absorption
Surgical removal of thyroid gland - hyperphosphatemia (wouldn't have c-cells and parathyroid gland, no regulation on kidney from PTH |
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Osteomalacia and Rickets is
Rickets is in... Osteomalacia is in... Usually caused by... |
Inadequate mineralization of new bone
children Adults Caused by Vitamin D deficency |
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Osteoporosis is ...
Resorption is ... than formation More likely to occur in ... |
decrease in total bone mass or density
Resorption is > than formation Women, White or Asian, Family history of osteoporosis, low body weight. |
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Disease that contribute to osteoporosis are: (7)
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1. Thyrotoxicosis
2. Primary hyperparathyroidism 3. Hypogonadism 4. COPD 5. Cushing's syndrome 6. Chronic renal or hepatic failure 7. Malignancies |
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Paget's disease is ...
Cause? Symptoms? (3) |
bones have a disorganized structure
cause: genetic study says its not genetic, dont' know the cause signs and symptoms: bone pain, bone deformity, elevated alkaline phosphatase |
