Calcium And Vit D

Front 1

Are Micronutrients essential?

Back 1

1. they perform specific biological functions

2. they are not endogenously synthesized at rates to meet sufficient requirements

3. a deficiency results when they are withdrawn from the diet and is corrected when the nutrient is added back

Front 2

What are minerals

Back 2

1. Bioavailability (highly variable, abs varies with need, interaction with other minerals)

2. function as metalloenzymes

3. results in toxicity when in excess

4. metabolic interaction

Front 3

What are vitamins

Back 3

1. vitamers

2. susceptible to degredation

3. coenzymes

4. fat and water soluble

Front 4

What are the types of Vit B

Back 4

1. Thiamine (pyruvate decarboxylation)

2. Niacin (NAD, NADP)

3. Riboflavin (FAD, FMN)

4. Pantothenic Acid (CoA)

5. Pyridoxine (Transaminase reactions)

Front 5

The steps to osteoporosis

Back 5

Compressed vertebrae

pain, mobility

bones susceptible to degredation

Front 6

What are the bone growth team?

Back 6

Players: Minerals (Ca, P, Mg)

Coaches: Vitamin D

Assistants: Vit ACK

Front 7

Calcium functions

Back 7

Acute: blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve function, immune function

chronic: mineral for bone and teeth, bone turnover

Front 8

Calcium regulation

Back 8

Acute: Blood ca must be maintained, not regulated by diet

Chronic: Low dietary ca, low bone mineralisation

Front 9

When Ca levels HIGH

Back 9

1.Thyroid gland secrets calcitonin

2. calcitonin inhibits the activation of vitamin D

3. calcitonin prevents the reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys

4. limits the abs of calcium in the intestines

5. inhibits osteoclast cells from breaking down bone to release Ca

Front 10

When Ca levels LOW

Back 10

1. parathyroid glands secrets PTH

2. PTH stimulates the activation of Vit D

3. Vit D and PTH stimulates reabsorption of ca in the kidneys

4. vit d enhances abs of ca in the intestines

5. stimulate osteoclast cells to break down bone, releasing ca in the blood

Front 11

What is Ca RDA

Back 11

1000mg/day

Front 12

What is Ca UL

Back 12

2500 mg/dau

Front 13

Sources of Ca

Back 13

milk, fortified soy beverages

NOTHING from meat

Front 14

Increase Calcium Abs

(30% in adults, 50% for pregnancy, children)

Back 14

1. anabolic hormones

2. vit d

3. gastric meal

4. low phosphate intake

5. lactose

Front 15

Decrease Calcium Abs

Back 15

1. vit d deficiency

2. lack of stomach acid

3. age

4. high phosphate intake

5. high insoluble fiber

6. phytates, oxalates

7. high protein intake

Front 16

Bioavailability of Ca

Back 16

insoluble fiber, oxalates, phytates all bind Ca and reduce abs

Front 17

Urinary Ca excretion influenced by

Back 17

1. age

2. calcium intake

3. caffeine

4. dietary sodium

5. dietary protein

Front 18

Types of calcium supplements

Back 18

1. AA chelates

2. Bone meal, dolomite, oyster shell

3. Calcium citrate, gluconate, malate, carbonate (well absorbed)

4. Multivitamins

Front 19

Effects of too much Ca supplements

Back 19

1. decrease abs of iron and other minerals

2. kidney stones

3. vit d toxicity

4. exposure to contaminants

Front 20

VIt D

Back 20

1.synthesized from cholesterol - cholecalciferol

2. obtained from exposure to sunlight and diet (fish, liver, egg yolkds)

Front 21

Functions of Vit D

Back 21

1. regulated blood ca levels

2. required for ca abs (calbindin)

3. stimulates osteoclasts

4. needed for bone calcification

5. New: cell differentiation and immunity

Front 22

Vit D actions in body

Back 22

1. stomach - increase ca abs

2. kidney - decrease ca excretion in the urine

3. bone - stimulate bone mineralization

Front 23

Vit D RDA

Back 23

15 ug/d

Front 24

Sources of Vit D

Back 24

1. fatty fish

2. fortified foods

Front 25

UL for Vit D

Back 25

100 ug/day

Front 26

Vit D deficiency

Back 26

1. osteomalacia

decrease ca abs, defective mineralisation (low bone remodelling, softening of bone), bone pain, hip fracture risk

2. Rickets

in children where bones don't mineralize properly

Front 27

Minerals and bone

Back 27

1. phosphorous

forms hydroxyapatite. high intake decrease ca abs

2. magnesium

conversion of vit D to active form, blood clotting, muscle contraction

Front 28

Vitamins and bone

Back 28

1. A - bone remodelling, osteoclast activity

2. C - cofactor for collagen synthesis

3. K - conenzyme for bone protein

Front 29

Osteoporosis prevention/treatment

Back 29

1. nutriton

2. physical activity

3. quit smoking/ decrease alcohol

4. anti resportive agents inhibit osteoclast (Bisphosphonates, SERMS-raloxifene, calcitonin)

5. anabolic agents to stimulate osteoblast

PTH