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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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left to right gnathostomes, start with ostracoderms
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ostracoderms, placoderms, chondrichthyes, teleostomi
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dc ostracoderms to placoderms
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jaws
3 semicricular canals, pelvic fins occiput added to skull |
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a few ostracoderm chrs
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bone derived from dermis,
vertebral colum is cartilege occiput is sc into brain |
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Describe placoderms
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gnathostomes first ones
silurian to carboniferous (420) bony dermal plates shape defined nitch |
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dc placoderms to condrichthyes
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modification of hyoid arch for jaw support
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chondrichthyes chrs
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silurian period- present
cartiligenous skeleton |
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what are the two groups of chorichthyes
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holocephalans- chimeras
elasmobranchs- sharks, skates, rays |
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chimera chrs
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not open gil slits,
fleshy operculum |
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elasmobranchs chrs
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open gil slits, generalized vertebrate
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dc chondrichthyes to acanthodii
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gills covered by a BONY perculum
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chondrichthyes chrs
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silurian period- present
cartiligenous skeleton |
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what are the two groups of chorichthyes
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holocephalans- chimeras
elasmobranchs- sharks, skates, rays |
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chimera chrs
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not open gil slits,
fleshy operculum |
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elasmobranchs chrs
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open gil slits, generalized vertebrate
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dc chondrichthyes to acanthodii
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gills covered by a BONY perculum
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describe acanthodii
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bony operbulum
SPINY FINS silurian period to carboniferous bone and cartilege in skeleton |
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dc acanthodil vs actinoptergii
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air sac, diverticulum/pouch of the gut... like a lung
cool note: actinodii are spiny finned while actinoptergiis are RAY finned |
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Describe actinopterygii
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rayfinned bony fishes (typical fish)
silurian period- present (420 mil) modern fishes appeared at end of paleoxoic |
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what are the two gorups of actinoperygii
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basal actinopterygians and neopterygii
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describe basal actinopterygians
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oldest actinoptergians
Chondrostei - cartelege skeleton chondrestei and includes paleoniscoids + other species |
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describe neopterygians
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gars, bowfins and modern fishes
modern fishes= teleostei half of all verterbrate species |
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dc acandthodii vs polypterus
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air sac, diverticulum of the gut
ray fins |
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what is polypterus/s dc
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ray fins- lacking an arm but has a hand
and LACKING muslcle and skeleton of an arm |
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dc actinopterygii vs lobefinned fishes
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modified limbs
intrinsic appendicular musculatire |
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What is lobe finned fish's phylogeny
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paraphyletic
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describe lobe finned fish
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biny fishes with fleshy lobed fins
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what are the two types of lobe finned bony fishes
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actinistians- have arms, extinct except for coelcanth
rhipidistians- extinct except for dipnoans/lungfishes |
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What is special about rhipidistians
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they gave rise to tetrapods
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dc actinopterygii vs actinistians
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modified limbs, intrinsic appendicular musculature
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dc rhipidistians vs tetrapods
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limbs with digits
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describe fish to tetrapod transition
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370-360 mil ago
lots of research LImbs developed while still in water!!!! |
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dc lobe finned fishes vs amphibia, and whats special about amphibia
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limbs with digits,
and amphibia are the basal tetrapod |
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what are the two gorups of amphibia
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basal tetrapods (labyrinthodonts (teeth structure)
lissamphibia (living amphibians) |
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name three lissamphibia groups
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apoda (caecilians)
urodela (tailed amphibians and salamanders) anura (frogs and toads) |
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what are amphibian phylogentic relathips
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unclear! they are paraphyletic grouping
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what are the two groups of amniota
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synapsida and reptilia
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what is the dc between amphibia and synapsida
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eggs with extra-embyronic membranes,
basically an amniotic egg and lay eggs on land |
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see temperoal fenestrae slide
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DO IT NOW!
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SKULLS for next few
describe anapsid |
no openings
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describe synapsid, what its bordered by for all these
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1 opening, what humans have
temporal region bordered by- post-orbital, jugal, and squamosal |
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describe diapsid
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two fossa- supratemporal and infratemporal fossa
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what are the supratemporal and infratemporal fossa bordered by what bones
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supratemporal bordered by squamosal and postorbital
infratemporal by postorbital, jugal, and quadratojugal |
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describe euryapsid
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1 fossa, but on top where supratemporal fossa is
is extinct! |
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what is euryapsid bordered by
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bordered by squamosal, postorbital, supratemporal, and parietal
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describe clade synapsida
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1 fossa skill
three categories are pelycosaurs- very reptile, therapsids- more mammel but still reptile and mammalia |
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what are the three groups of mammalia
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prototherians or monotremes
metatheria or marsupials eutheria |
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what is distinct about prototherians
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they lay eggs
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what is the dc between prototherians and metatheria/ eutheria, this is the one they share
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viviparous- live bbirth
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what is the trait that defines metatheria from prototherians other than viviparious
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yolk sac placenta
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what is the trait that defines eutheria from prototherians that isnt viviparous
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chorioallantoic placenta
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what are the two groups within clade reptilia
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anapsida and diapsida
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what are the two groups within diapsida
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lepidosauria and archosauria
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what is in lepidosauria
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euryapsids (two extinct: ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs)
rhynchocepahilians squamates |
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what is in archosauria
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crocodilians,
pterosaurs, dinosoaria |
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what is in dinosauria
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saurichians which led to birds
ornithischians |
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what is special about turtles
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no temporal dossa, they are ornithscians
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what do saurichian hips and orithscians have in common
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shape , are convergent evolutions!! check this on slides
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what are included in teleostomi
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acanthodians and osteichthyes
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what are the three groups of gnathostomata
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placoderms, chondrichthyes and teleostomi
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what are the two groups of teleostomi
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acanthodii and osteichthyes
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what are the two groups of osteichthyes
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actinopterygii and sarcopterygii
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what are the two groups of actinopterygii
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basal actinopterygians and neopterygii
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what are the two groups of sarcopterygii
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lobe finned fishes and tetrapoda
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what are the two groups of lobefinned fishes
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actinistians and rhipidistians
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what are the two groups of tetrapoda
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amphibia and amniota
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what are the two groups of amniota
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synapsida and reptilia
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what are the three groups within mammalia
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prototherians, metatheria, and eutheria
theria= metatheria and eutheria |
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big list one, amphiouxous to tetrapoda
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amphiouxus, hagfish, lamprey, placoderm, chonricththyes, acanthodii, actinopterygii, latimeria, and tetrapoda
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what is included in basal actinoptergiis
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polypterus, paddlefish, and sturgeons
paddlefish and sturgeons are chondrostei- meaning they have cartilagenous skeletons |
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what is included in neopterygii
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gars, amia, and teleostei
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what is in clade reptilia
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anapsida and diapsida
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what is latimeria
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a lobe finned fish
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