Ca - Anus, Rectum, Prostate

Front 1

What demarcates the anal canal from the rectum?

Back 1

Pectinate or dentate line

Front 2

What is the pectinate or dentate line?

Back 2

Serrated line marks the change from skin to mucous membrane

Front 3

Where is the boundary between somatic and visceral nerve supplies in the rectum?

Back 3

pectinate/ dentate line

Front 4

How many lobes does the prostate gland have?

Back 4

3 - only the 2 lateral are palpable

Front 5

The rectal wall contains three inward foldings called ___

Back 5

valves of Houston

Front 6

Pencil-think stools may warn of __-

Back 6

colon cancer

Front 7

Rectal itching in young patients may suggest

Back 7

Pinworms

Front 8

Feelings of discomfort or heaviness in teh prostate area associated with malaise, fever, or chills suggests

Back 8

Prostatitis

Front 9

Risk of prostate CA ____ with age.

Back 9

Increases

Front 10

What race is at higher risk for prostate cancer?

Back 10

African American

Front 11

People at increased risk for colorectal cancer should undergo colonoscopy how often?

Back 11

iNtervals ranging from 3-5 years

Front 12

Anal and parianal lesions include what?

Back 12

- hemorrhoids
- venereal wards
- herpes
- syphilitic chancres
- carcinoma

Front 13

A linear crack or tear in the perianal area suggests ___

Back 13

anal fissure from large, hard stools, IBS, or STDs

Front 14

If swollen, thickened, fissured perianal skin with excoriations is noted, suspect ___

Back 14

pruritus ani

Front 15

Laxity of the anal sphincter occurs with ___

Back 15

neurologic disease

Front 16

Induration (hardening) may be caused by ___

Back 16

inflammation, scarring, or malignancy

Front 17

An irregular rectal border suggests

Back 17

Rectal cancer

Front 18

If you palpate a rectal "shelf" during an exam, you should suspect ___

Back 18

peritoneal metastasis

Front 19

A __ is a common, likely congenital, abnormality inthe midline superficial to the coccyx. Look for the opening of a sinus tract with a small tuft of hair and a halo of erythema.

Back 19

Pilonidal cyst.

Front 20

Why are pilonidal cysts clinically significant?

Back 20

May be complicated by abscess formation and secondary sinus tracts

Front 21

____ hemorrhoids are located below the pectinate line and covered with skin. They can cause acute local pain.

Back 21

External hemorrhoids

Front 22

Pt presents with painful defecation. A tender, swollen, bluish mass is visible at the anal margin. You diagnose ____

Back 22

external (thrombosed) hemorrhoids

Front 23

___ hemorrhoids are located above the pectinate line. They may cause bright-red rectal bleeding. They also may prolapse.

Back 23

Internal hemorrhoid

Front 24

Pt presents with painful defecation, bright red blood when wiping. You note reddish, moist, protruding masses on anal inspection. YOu suspect.

Back 24

Prolapsed internal hemrrhoids

Front 25

____ looks like a "doughnut" or rosette of red tissue. May involve only mucosa or the entire bowel.

Back 25

Prolapse of the rectum

Front 26

____ is a very painful oval ulceration of the anal canal. May have swollen skin tag just below.

Back 26

Anal fissure

Front 27

____ are common growths, variable in size, and can develop as a stalk or on the mucosal surface. May be benign or malignant

Back 27

Polyps

Front 28

Describe a rectal shelf...

Back 28

A firm, nodular rectal "shelf" narrows the rectum. Suggests peritoneal metastasis of cancer from another source

Front 29

A ____ is a tube that opens at one end into the anus or rectum and the other into the skin surface. Usually follows an abscess.

Back 29

Anorectal fistula

Front 30

THe prostate is a rounded, heart-shaped structure approximately ___ cm long.

Back 30

2.5

Front 31

Only the ____ surface of the prostate is palpable

Back 31

Posterior - 2 lobes and median sulcus

Front 32

Pt presents with fever and symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency, dysuria, retention. Prostate feels swllen, "boggy" and warm.

Back 32

Acute bacterial prostatitis

Front 33

Common causes of acute bacterial prostatitis include:

Back 33

- E. coli
- Enterococcus
- Proteus
- in younger males, consider gonorrhea or chlamydia

Front 34

___ is associated with recurrent UTIs. Men may be asymptomatic or have difficulty urinating.

Back 34

Chronic bacterial prostatitis (usually E. coli)

Front 35

IF a pt presents with prostate-suggestive symptoms but prostate and urinary exam are normal, suggest ____

Back 35

chronic pelvic pain syndrome

Front 36

___ is a nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland that increases with age.

Back 36

BPH

Front 37

Physical findings suggesting BPH include:

Back 37

- irritative or obstructive urination symptoms (or both)
- Prostate may be normal size or feel symmetrically enlarged, smooth, firm, elastic.
- may have obliteration of the median sulcus and more notable protrusion into rectal lumen

Front 38

An area of hardness in teh gland suggests ___

Back 38

Cancer

Front 39

Non malignant sources of hardness on the prostate include:

Back 39

prostatic stones, chronic inflammation, other conditions.