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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What does rate of reaction measure? |
It measures how much product is formed in a fixed period of time |
How much product… |
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What is the speed of reaction (usually) over time? |
Reactions are usually fast at the start and slow down as the reactions are used up |
Fast… Slow down… |
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What are the units for rate of reaction? |
-G/S (grams per second) G/min (Grams per minute) when measuring the mass of a product formed. G/S for faster reactions -CM3-/S (CM cubed per second) and CM3/min (CM3 per min) when measuring the volume of gas produced. CM3/S for faster reactions. |
-Grams
-Centimetres |
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What is the equation for the gradient of a graph? |
Gradient=Y/X |
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How can the rate of reaction be works out using a graph? |
It can be worked out from the gradient of the Graaf and be calculated by drawing construction lines. -Choose parts of the graph where there is a straight line not a curved line
-Using the scales on the graph, measure the value of Y and X
-then divide Y by X |
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What is the limiting reactant? |
Is the reactant not in excess that gets used up by the end of the reaction |
The reaction not in… |
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What is directly proportional to the limiting reactant? |
The amount of products formed in the reaction, for example if the amount of limiting reactant doubles, the amount of products formed doubles |
The amount of…
Give an example |
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What is directly proportional to the limiting reactant? |
The amount of products formed in the reaction, for example if the amount of limiting reactant doubles, the amount of products formed doubles |
The amount of…
Give an example |
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When do reactions occur, what does this mean when the number of reacting particles of one of reactant is limited? |
Reactions occur when particles collide together. So, if the number of reacting particles of one reactant is limited, the number of collisions by particles of that reactant is limited |
When particles… |
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What is interpolation? |
Making an estimate within the range of results |
Making an estimate within… |
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What is interpolation? |
Making an estimate within the range of results |
Making an estimate within… |
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What is extrapolation? |
Making an estimate beyond the range of results |
Making an estimate beyond… |
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When do you chemical reactions take place? |
When particles collide |
When particles… |
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What does the rate of reaction depend on?what does this mean? |
It depends on the number of collisions between reacting particles the higher the number of collisions are take place the faster the reaction |
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How does increase in concentration, pressure and temperature increase the rate of reaction? |
-As the concentration increases the particles become more crowded. This increases the number of collisions between reacting particles
-As the temperature increases, the particles gain kinetic energy and move around more quickly, so collisions between reacting particles are more successful, and also occur in greater number
-Increases impression of force part was closer together, increasing the rate of reaction |
-As the concentration increases the particles come more…
-As the temperature increases the particles gain…
-Increases in pressure forces particles… |
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How does increase in concentration, pressure and temperature increase the rate of reaction? |
-As the concentration increases the particles become more crowded. This increases the number of collisions between reacting particles
-As the temperature increases, the particles gain kinetic energy and move around more quickly, so collisions between reacting particles are more successful, and also occur in greater number
-Increases impression of force part was closer together, increasing the rate of reaction |
-As the concentration increases the particles come more…
-As the temperature increases the particles gain…
-Increases in pressure forces particles… |
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What does the rate of reaction depend on? |
Rate of reaction depends on collision frequency: this describes the number of successful collisions between reacting particles each second |
Collision… say what this describes |
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How can you tell when a reaction is finished on graphs and tables? |
-In a graph the line will be horizontal
-In the table the numbers will stop Changing |
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How can you tell when a reaction is finished on graphs and tables? |
-In a graph the line will be horizontal
-In the table the numbers will stop Changing |
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How can you use graphs and tables to compare the rate of reaction? |
-on graphs, the steeper the line, the faster the reaction
-In a table, the larger the change between readings, the faster the reaction |
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What can combustible powders cause? |
Explosions |
Boom |
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What can combustible powders cause? |
Explosions |
Boom |
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Some powders react with oxygen to make… |
Large volumes of carbon dioxide and water vapour |
Large volumes of two things |
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What can combustible powders cause? |
Explosions |
Boom |
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Some powders react with oxygen to make… |
Large volumes of carbon dioxide and water vapour |
Large volumes of two things |
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Names three combustible powders |
Flour, custard powder or sulfer |
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What can combustible powders cause? |
Explosions |
Boom |
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Some powders react with oxygen to make… |
Large volumes of carbon dioxide and water vapour |
Large volumes of two things |
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Names three combustible powders |
Flour, custard powder or sulfer |
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Why must factory owners be careful when using combustible powders? |
Because they must ensure that the powders can't reach the open atmosphere and that the chances of the spark being produced need the powders is very small |
They must ensure two things |
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What increases the surface area of a block? |
Breaking the block up into smaller pieces |
It needs to be… |
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What increases the surface area of a block? |
Breaking the block up into smaller pieces |
It needs to be… |
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As the surface area increases, so does… |
The rates of reaction |
The rate… |
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What increases the surface area of a block? |
Breaking the block up into smaller pieces |
It needs to be… |
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As the surface area increases, so does… |
The rates of reaction |
The rate… |
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When do you reactions occur? |
When reactant particles collide with sufficient energy |
When reactant particles… |
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What increases the surface area of a block? |
Breaking the block up into smaller pieces |
It needs to be… |
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As the surface area increases, so does… |
The rates of reaction |
The rate… |
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When do you reactions occur? |
When reactant particles collide with sufficient energy |
When reactant particles… |
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When powders are spread throughout a reaction mixture, what does this increase? |
It increases the collision frequency |
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What increases the surface area of a block? |
Breaking the block up into smaller pieces |
It needs to be… |
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As the surface area increases, so does… |
The rates of reaction |
The rate… |
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When do you reactions occur? |
When reactant particles collide with sufficient energy |
When reactant particles… |
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When powders are spread throughout a reaction mixture, what does this increase? |
It increases the collision frequency |
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In a block of material, where can particle collisions occur? |
They can only occur with the particles on the surface. Most of the particles in the block a trapped on the inside, so they are not available to react |
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What does a catalyst do? And what is it at the end of a reaction? |
A catalyst changes the rate of reaction and is unchanged at the end of the reaction |
It changes something… And… |
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What does a catalyst do? And what is it at the end of a reaction? |
A catalyst changes the rate of reaction and is unchanged at the end of the reaction |
It changes something… And… |
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How much catalyst is needed to speed up the rate of a reaction? |
Only a small quantity of a catalyst is needed to catalyse a large mass of reactants |
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What does a catalyst do? And what is it at the end of a reaction? |
A catalyst changes the rate of reaction and is unchanged at the end of the reaction |
It changes something… And… |
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How much catalyst is needed to speed up the rate of a reaction? |
Only a small quantity of a catalyst is needed to catalyse a large mass of reactants |
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Is each catalyst specific to a particular reaction? |
Yes |
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What is the units for atomic mass? |
Ar |
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What is the units for atomic mass? |
Ar |
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What is the atomic mass? |
It is the largest number shown each element |
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In a chemical equation, what does the total mass of the reactants equal? And what is this called? |
It equals the total mass of the products. This is called conservation of mass |
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In a chemical equation, what does the total mass of the reactants equal? And what is this called? |
It equals the total mass of the products. This is called conservation of mass |
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Why is mass conserved? |
Because atoms cannot be created or destroyed, only rearranged into different compounds |
Because atoms… |
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In a chemical symbol equation, what is that the same off? |
Same number and type of atoms on each side of the equation |
… On each side of the equation |
