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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does quantative analysis mean? |
Used to determine how much substance is present. |
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What does qualitative analysis mean? |
Identifies if a substance is present |
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Why must an experiment to test for an anion be unique? |
So that you can determine which anion is present. |
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What is the test for cations using sodium hydroxide? |
Add a few drops of sodium hydroxide containing ions. |
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Cu2+ with sodium hydroxide turns the precipitate.... |
Blue ---- blue |
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Cu2+ with sodium hydroxide turns the precipitate.... |
Blue ---- blue |
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Fe2+ with sodium hydroxide makes the precipitate colour.... |
Colourless ---- green |
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Fe3+ with sodium hydroxide turns the precipitate... |
Yellow ---- orange |
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Fe3+ with sodium hydroxide turns the precipitate... |
Yellow ---- orange |
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Ca2+ with sodium hydroxide turns the precipitate... |
Colourless ---- white |
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Al3+ with sodium hydroxide turns the precipitate... |
Colourless---- White ----- colourless |
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Why do chemists need to test the purity of drinking water? |
To make sure that they don't contain any harmful dissolved substances. |
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What is the test for halide ions? |
-Drops of dilute nitric acid -Then drops of silver nitrate solution -Precipitate forms |
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Sodium chloride and silver nitrate forms... |
White precipitate |
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Sodium chloride and silver nitrate forms... |
White precipitate |
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Sodium bromide and silver nitrate forms... |
A Cream precipitate |
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Sodium iodide with silver nitrate forms... |
A Yellow precipitate |
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What is the test for Ammonium ions? |
Warming unknown substance with sodium hydroxide solution |
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How can ammonium ions be detected in the test? |
-distinct smell -turns damp red litamus paper blue |
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Why is chlorine sometimes added to water? |
To kill microorganisms |
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Why is chlorine sometimes added to water? |
To kill microorganisms |
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Why is aluminium sulphate added to water? |
To remove small solid particles |
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What is the test for carbonate ions? |
Dilute HCL Should see bubbles Limewater milky |
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What is hard water? |
Calcium or Magnesium ions dissolved in qater |
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What is hard water? |
Calcium or Magnesium ions dissolved in water |
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What is hard water? |
Calcium or Magnesium ions dissolved in water |
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What are the problems of hard water |
Doesn't easily form lather with soap Forms a precipitate called scum Soap is wasted |
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What is the calculation needed to find the concentrations of solutes? |
Concentration = mass of solute Volume of solution G dm3 |
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What is temporary hardness |
Dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate |
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What is temporary hardness |
Dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate |
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How can temporary hard water be removed? |
Boiling CHC breaks down when heated Calcium is not soluble Softening |
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What happens to calcium hydrogencarbonate when heat is applied? |
It breaks down |
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What happens to calcium hydrogencarbonate when heat is applied? |
It breaks down |
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What is the term for removing hardness from water? |
Softening |
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What happens to calcium hydrogencarbonate when heat is applied? |
It breaks down |
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What is the term for removing hardness from water? |
Softening |
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Which substances form permanent hard water? |
Calcium sulphate |
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Why is it a possibility that boiling water may not remove all the hardness? |
Because water can contain two types of hardness |
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What type of ions do not form scum? |
Sodium ions |
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How can an iron exchange column soften permanent hard water? |
Ion exchange resin Hard water is sent down the column Calcium ions are swapped for sodium ions Sodium ions do not form scum Water is softwned |
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How can an iron exchange column soften permanent hard water? |
Ion exchange resin Hard water is sent down the column Calcium ions are swapped for sodium ions Sodium ions do not form scum Water is softened |
