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425 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a bad thing about Polymers? |
They aren't biodegradable |
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What is produced when calcium carbonate thermally decomposes? |
Calcium Oxide Carbon Dioxide |
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Calcium Carbonate + Sulfuric Acid = |
Calcium Sulfate + Carbon dioxide + Water |
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What is the product of calcium oxide and water? |
Calcium Hydroxide |
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What is calcium Hydroxide used for? |
To neutralise acidic soil. |
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Calcium Hydroxide + Carbon Dioxide = |
Calcium Carbonate + Water |
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Calcium Hydroxide + Carbon Dioxide = |
Calcium Carbonate + Water |
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What does Limestone heated in a kiln produce? |
Cement |
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What are the problems with quarrying Limestone? |
- huge ugly holes - noise pollution - destroys habitats - waste materials produce tips |
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Why is Carbon only used to reduce metals below it in the reactivity series? |
Because they can only take oxygen away from metals less reactive than Carbon itself |
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What are the negatives about being extracted by electrolysis? |
More expensive Because it uses a lot of energy |
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What does electrolysis mean? |
Splitting up with Electricity |
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Why does copper need to be purified by electrolysis? |
Because it's a much better conductor. |
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What is an electrolyte?i |
A liquid that conducts electricity and is made from metal salt solutions. |
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What are the pros of quarrying Limestone? |
- people want houses & roads - neutralise sulfur dioxide in chimneys - creates jobs for people - restoration part of planning permission |
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What are the advantages of Limestone as a product? |
- widely available - cheap - doesn't corrode - fire resistant - doesn't rot |
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What are the cons of limestone products? |
- low tensile strength - unattractive |
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What is a metal ore? |
A rock with enough metal to make extraction worthwhile |
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What are the two ways that metals can be extracted? |
Electrolysis Reduction |
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What is Calcium Hydroxide used to test? |
Carbon dioxide |
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What does Limestone look like in the reaction? |
Cloudy and bubble gas |
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What is electrolysis used to do to already extracted metals? |
Purify them. |
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What metals can be extracted by reduction using Carbon? |
Metals below Carbon in the reactivity series. |
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What do electrolytes have that allow electrolysis? |
Free Ions |
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Electrons are pulled off copper atoms at the ___________ |
Anode |
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Electrons are pulled off copper atoms at the ___________ |
Anode |
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What gains electrons? And what do they turn into? |
- The Cathode - copper atoms |
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Electrons are pulled off copper atoms at the ___________ |
Anode |
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What gains electrons? And what do they turn into? |
- The Cathode - copper atoms |
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Where are the impurities dropped? |
At the anode |
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Copper sulfate + iron = |
Iron sulphate + copper |
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Copper sulfate + iron = |
Iron sulphate + copper |
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Describe 2 low grade ores. |
Biobleaching Phytomining |
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Copper sulfate + iron = |
Iron sulphate + copper |
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Describe 2 low grade ores. |
Biobleaching Phytomining |
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Define Bioleaching |
- bacteria is used to seperate copper from copper sulfide - bacteria gets energy - seperates copper in the process |
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Copper sulfate + iron = |
Iron sulphate + copper |
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Describe 2 low grade ores. |
Biobleaching Phytomining |
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Define Bioleaching |
- bacteria is used to seperate copper from copper sulfide - bacteria gets energy - seperates copper in the process |
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Define Phytomining |
- put copper in soil - plants can't get rid of copper - builds up and is burned in a furnace |
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Copper sulfate + iron = |
Iron sulphate + copper |
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Describe 2 low grade ores. |
Biobleaching Phytomining |
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Define Bioleaching |
- bacteria is used to seperate copper from copper sulfide - bacteria gets energy - seperates copper in the process |
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Define Phytomining |
- put copper in soil - plants can't get rid of copper - builds up and is burned in a furnace |
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What is an advantage of low grade ores ? What is a disadvantage? |
- less damaging to the environment - they're slow |
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Copper sulfate + iron = |
Iron sulphate + copper |
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Describe 2 low grade ores. |
Biobleaching Phytomining |
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Define Bioleaching |
- bacteria is used to seperate copper from copper sulfide - bacteria gets energy - seperates copper in the process |
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Define Phytomining |
- put copper in soil - plants can't get rid of copper - builds up and is burned in a furnace |
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What is an advantage of low grade ores ? What is a disadvantage? |
- less damaging to the environment - they're slow |
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What are the disadvantages of mining? |
- bad for the environment - dangerous mine shafts |
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What is the pros for mining? |
- useful products made - provides jobs - brings money for area |
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What is the pros for mining? |
- useful products made - provides jobs - brings money for area |
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Why is recycling metals important? |
- extracting metals takes a lot of energy - burns fossil fuels - finite metal on earth |
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What is the pros for mining? |
- useful products made - provides jobs - brings money for area |
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Why is recycling metals important? |
- extracting metals takes a lot of energy - burns fossil fuels - finite metal on earth |
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What are the three characterises of metal? |
- strong - bendy - great conductors |
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What is the pros for mining? |
- useful products made - provides jobs - brings money for area |
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Why is recycling metals important? |
- extracting metals takes a lot of energy - burns fossil fuels - finite metal on earth |
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What are the three characterises of metal? |
- strong - bendy - great conductors |
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What is copper good for? |
Doesn't react with water Conducts electricity |
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What is the pros for mining? |
- useful products made - provides jobs - brings money for area |
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Why is recycling metals important? |
- extracting metals takes a lot of energy - burns fossil fuels - finite metal on earth |
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What are the three characterises of metal? |
- strong - bendy - great conductors |
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What is copper good for? |
Doesn't react with water Conducts electricity |
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What are the properties of Aluminium? |
- corrosion-resistant - low density - forms hard alloys |
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What is the pros for mining? |
- useful products made - provides jobs - brings money for area |
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Why is recycling metals important? |
- extracting metals takes a lot of energy - burns fossil fuels - finite metal on earth |
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What are the three characterises of metal? |
- strong - bendy - great conductors |
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What is copper good for? |
Doesn't react with water Conducts electricity |
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What are the properties of Aluminium? |
- corrosion-resistant - low density - forms hard alloys |
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What are the properties of Titanium? |
- corrosion-resistant - strong - low densit |
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What is the pros for mining? |
- useful products made - provides jobs - brings money for area |
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Why is recycling metals important? |
- extracting metals takes a lot of energy - burns fossil fuels - finite metal on earth |
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What are the three characterises of metal? |
- strong - bendy - great conductors |
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What is copper good for? |
Doesn't react with water Conducts electricity |
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What are the properties of Aluminium? |
- corrosion-resistant - low density - forms hard alloys |
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What are the properties of Titanium? |
- corrosion-resistant - strong - low densit |
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What is aluminium used for? |
Aeroplanes |
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What is the pros for mining? |
- useful products made - provides jobs - brings money for area |
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Why is recycling metals important? |
- extracting metals takes a lot of energy - burns fossil fuels - finite metal on earth |
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What are the three characterises of metal? |
- strong - bendy - great conductors |
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What is copper good for? |
Doesn't react with water Conducts electricity |
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What are the properties of Aluminium? |
- corrosion-resistant - low density - forms hard alloys |
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What are the properties of Titanium? |
- corrosion-resistant - strong - low densit |
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What is aluminium used for? |
Aeroplanes |
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What is Titanium used for? |
Replacement hips because it doesn't corrode |
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What is the pros for mining? |
- useful products made - provides jobs - brings money for area |
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Why is recycling metals important? |
- extracting metals takes a lot of energy - burns fossil fuels - finite metal on earth |
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What are the three characterises of metal? |
- strong - bendy - great conductors |
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What is copper good for? |
Doesn't react with water Conducts electricity |
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What are the properties of Aluminium? |
- corrosion-resistant - low density - forms hard alloys |
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What are the properties of Titanium? |
- corrosion-resistant - strong - low densit |
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What is aluminium used for? |
Aeroplanes |
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What is Titanium used for? |
Replacement hips because it doesn't corrode |
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Why is iron easily shaped? |
They layers of atoms can slide over each other |
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What is the pros for mining? |
- useful products made - provides jobs - brings money for area |
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Why is recycling metals important? |
- extracting metals takes a lot of energy - burns fossil fuels - finite metal on earth |
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What are the three characterises of metal? |
- strong - bendy - great conductors |
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What is copper good for? |
Doesn't react with water Conducts electricity |
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What are the properties of Aluminium? |
- corrosion-resistant - low density - forms hard alloys |
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What are the properties of Titanium? |
- corrosion-resistant - strong - low densit |
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What is aluminium used for? |
Aeroplanes |
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What is Titanium used for? |
Replacement hips because it doesn't corrode |
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Why is iron easily shaped? |
They layers of atoms can slide over each other |
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What are the uses of Low Carbon Steel? |
Car bodies |
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What is the pros for mining? |
- useful products made - provides jobs - brings money for area |
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What are the uses of High Carbon Steel? |
Blades , bridges |
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Why is recycling metals important? |
- extracting metals takes a lot of energy - burns fossil fuels - finite metal on earth |
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What are the three characterises of metal? |
- strong - bendy - great conductors |
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What is copper good for? |
Doesn't react with water Conducts electricity |
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What are the properties of Aluminium? |
- corrosion-resistant - low density - forms hard alloys |
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What are the properties of Titanium? |
- corrosion-resistant - strong - low densit |
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What is aluminium used for? |
Aeroplanes |
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What is Titanium used for? |
Replacement hips because it doesn't corrode |
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Why is iron easily shaped? |
They layers of atoms can slide over each other |
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What are the uses of Low Carbon Steel? |
Car bodies |
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What is the pros for mining? |
- useful products made - provides jobs - brings money for area |
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What are the uses of High Carbon Steel? |
Blades , bridges |
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What are the properties and uses of stainless steel? |
Corrosion-resistant Cutlery |
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Why is recycling metals important? |
- extracting metals takes a lot of energy - burns fossil fuels - finite metal on earth |
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What are the three characterises of metal? |
- strong - bendy - great conductors |
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What is copper good for? |
Doesn't react with water Conducts electricity |
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What are the properties of Aluminium? |
- corrosion-resistant - low density - forms hard alloys |
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What are the properties of Titanium? |
- corrosion-resistant - strong - low densit |
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What is aluminium used for? |
Aeroplanes |
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What is Titanium used for? |
Replacement hips because it doesn't corrode |
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Why is iron easily shaped? |
They layers of atoms can slide over each other |
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What are the uses of Low Carbon Steel? |
Car bodies |
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What are the advantages of Alloys? |
Harder than pure metals |
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What are the advantages of Alloys? |
Harder than pure metals |
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What are the advantages of bronze? |
Harder than copper Good for statues |
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What are the advantages of Alloys? |
Harder than pure metals |
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What are the advantages of bronze? |
Harder than copper Good for statues |
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What is bronze made from? |
Copper and Tin |
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What are the advantages of Alloys? |
Harder than pure metals |
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What are the advantages of bronze? |
Harder than copper Good for statues |
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What is bronze made from? |
Copper and Tin |
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What are Aluminium Alloys made for? |
Aircrafts |
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What is crude oil a mixture of? |
Hydrocarbons |
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What are the advantages of Alloys? |
Harder than pure metals |
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What are the advantages of bronze? |
Harder than copper Good for statues |
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What is bronze made from? |
Copper and Tin |
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What are Aluminium Alloys made for? |
Aircrafts |
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What is crude oil a mixture of? |
Hydrocarbons |
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How are Hydrocarbons split? |
Fractional Distillation |
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What are the advantages of Alloys? |
Harder than pure metals |
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What are the advantages of bronze? |
Harder than copper Good for statues |
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What is bronze made from? |
Copper and Tin |
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What are Aluminium Alloys made for? |
Aircrafts |
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What is crude oil a mixture of? |
Hydrocarbons |
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How are Hydrocarbons split? |
Fractional Distillation |
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Describe the Order from lowest to highest in a fractional column. |
Oil Diesel Kerosene Naptha Petrol Refinery Gas |
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What are the advantages of Alloys? |
Harder than pure metals |
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What are the advantages of bronze? |
Harder than copper Good for statues |
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What is bronze made from? |
Copper and Tin |
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What are Aluminium Alloys made for? |
Aircrafts |
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What is crude oil a mixture of? |
Hydrocarbons |
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How are Hydrocarbons split? |
Fractional Distillation |
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Describe the Order from lowest to highest in a fractional column. |
Oil Diesel Kerosene Naptha Petrol Refinery Gas |
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Do the longer molecules go to the top or the bottom in a fractional column? |
Bottom because more energy is needed for them to rise |
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What are the advantages of Alloys? |
Harder than pure metals |
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What are the advantages of bronze? |
Harder than copper Good for statues |
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What is bronze made from? |
Copper and Tin |
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What are Aluminium Alloys made for? |
Aircrafts |
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What is crude oil a mixture of? |
Hydrocarbons |
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How are Hydrocarbons split? |
Fractional Distillation |
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Describe the Order from lowest to highest in a fractional column. |
Oil Diesel Kerosene Naptha Petrol Refinery Gas |
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Do the longer molecules go to the top or the bottom in a fractional column? |
Bottom because more energy is needed for them to rise |
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What happens to the hydrocarbons when they reach their particular area? |
They condense |
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What is the formula for alkanes? |
CnH2n+2 |
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What are the order of Alkanes? |
Methane Ethane Propane Butane |
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What are the order of Alkanes? |
Methane Ethane Propane Butane |
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How many bonds to Hydrogen and Carbon atoms have in Alkanes? |
Carbon - 4 Hydrogen - 1 |
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What are the order of Alkanes? |
Methane Ethane Propane Butane |
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How many bonds to Hydrogen and Carbon atoms have in Alkanes? |
Carbon - 4 Hydrogen - 1 |
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If a molecule is shorter then they are.... |
Less Viscous More Volatile Lower Boiling Point |
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What decides what the fraction is used for? |
The volatility |
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What decides what the fraction is used for? |
The volatility |
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What is the combustion equation? |
Hydrocarbon + oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water vapour |
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What decides what the fraction is used for? |
The volatility |
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What is the combustion equation? |
Hydrocarbon + oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water vapour |
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What is the difference between complete and partial combustion? |
Complete combustion is when all of the oil runs out Partial combustion is when only some oil runs out |
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What decides what the fraction is used for? |
The volatility |
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What is the combustion equation? |
Hydrocarbon + oxygen = Carbon dioxide + water vapour |
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What is the difference between complete and partial combustion? |
Complete combustion is when all of the oil runs out Partial combustion is when only some oil runs out |
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What are the products ofpartial combustion? |
Particulates Soot Carbon Monoxide |
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SO2 + Clean Cloud = |
Acid Cloud + Acid Rain |
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What are the problems with Acid Rain? |
Lakes become acidic Animals die Damages buildings |
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How do you reduce Acid Rain? |
Removing Sulfur Emmisions |
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What are the negatives of removing sulfur emissions? |
Costs more More energy |
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How do you reduce Acid Rain? |
Removing Sulfur Emmisions |
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What are the negatives of removing sulfur emissions? |
Costs more More energy |
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How do you reduce Acid Rain? |
Removing Sulfur Emmisions |
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What are the negatives of removing sulfur emissions? |
Costs more More energy |
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What's an acid Gas Scrubber? |
Takes the Harmful Gases out before they release fumes into atmosphere |
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How do you reduce Acid Rain? |
Removing Sulfur Emmisions |
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What are the negatives of removing sulfur emissions? |
Costs more More energy |
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What's an acid Gas Scrubber? |
Takes the Harmful Gases out before they release fumes into atmosphere |
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What is Global Dimming? |
Particles of ash reflect sunlight back into space |
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How do you reduce Acid Rain? |
Removing Sulfur Emmisions |
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What are the negatives of removing sulfur emissions? |
Costs more More energy |
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What's an acid Gas Scrubber? |
Takes the Harmful Gases out before they release fumes into atmosphere |
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What is Global Dimming? |
Particles of ash reflect sunlight back into space |
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What is global warming? |
Caused by the increase in Carbon - temperatures are rising |
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How do you reduce Acid Rain? |
Removing Sulfur Emmisions |
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What are the negatives of removing sulfur emissions? |
Costs more More energy |
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What's an acid Gas Scrubber? |
Takes the Harmful Gases out before they release fumes into atmosphere |
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What is Global Dimming? |
Particles of ash reflect sunlight back into space |
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What is global warming? |
Caused by the increase in Carbon - temperatures are rising |
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What are the pros and cons of Ethanol? |
Pros: carbon neutral Only other product is water Cons: engines need to be converted Food prices will increase |
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How do you reduce Acid Rain? |
Removing Sulfur Emmisions |
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What are the negatives of removing sulfur emissions? |
Costs more More energy |
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|
What's an acid Gas Scrubber? |
Takes the Harmful Gases out before they release fumes into atmosphere |
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What is Global Dimming? |
Particles of ash reflect sunlight back into space |
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What is global warming? |
Caused by the increase in Carbon - temperatures are rising |
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What are the pros and cons of Ethanol? |
Pros: carbon neutral Only other product is water Cons: engines need to be converted Food prices will increase |
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What are the pros and cons of Biodiesel? |
Pros: engine doesn't need to be converted Less sulfur dioxide Cons: can't make enough to replace diesel Expensive |
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How do you reduce Acid Rain? |
Removing Sulfur Emmisions |
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What are the negatives of removing sulfur emissions? |
Costs more More energy |
|
|
What's an acid Gas Scrubber? |
Takes the Harmful Gases out before they release fumes into atmosphere |
|
|
What is Global Dimming? |
Particles of ash reflect sunlight back into space |
|
|
What is global warming? |
Caused by the increase in Carbon - temperatures are rising |
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What are the pros and cons of Ethanol? |
Pros: carbon neutral Only other product is water Cons: engines need to be converted Food prices will increase |
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What are the pros and cons of Biodiesel? |
Pros: engine doesn't need to be converted Less sulfur dioxide Cons: can't make enough to replace diesel Expensive |
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What are the pros and cons of Hydrogen Gas as a fuel? |
Pros: clean - just add water Cons: need special engine Hydrogen is hard to store |
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What is meant by Cracking? |
Splitting up long chains of a Hydrocarbons |
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What is meant by Cracking? |
Splitting up long chains of a Hydrocarbons |
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What is the result of cracking diesel? |
Petrol Paraffin Ethene |
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What is meant by Cracking? |
Splitting up long chains of a Hydrocarbons |
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What is the result of cracking diesel? |
Petrol Paraffin Ethene |
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How is cracking completed? |
Thermal decomposition Breaking molecules down before hearing them |
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What is meant by Cracking? |
Splitting up long chains of a Hydrocarbons |
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What is the result of cracking diesel? |
Petrol Paraffin Ethene |
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How is cracking completed? |
Thermal decomposition Breaking molecules down before hearing them |
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What is the first step of Cracking? |
Heating a long chain of hydrocarbons to vaporise it |
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What is meant by Cracking? |
Splitting up long chains of a Hydrocarbons |
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What is the result of cracking diesel? |
Petrol Paraffin Ethene |
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How is cracking completed? |
Thermal decomposition Breaking molecules down before hearing them |
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What is the first step of Cracking? |
Heating a long chain of hydrocarbons to vaporise it |
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What is the second stage of cracking? |
Passing the vapour over a catalyst |
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What is meant by Cracking? |
Splitting up long chains of a Hydrocarbons |
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What is the result of cracking diesel? |
Petrol Paraffin Ethene |
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|
How is cracking completed? |
Thermal decomposition Breaking molecules down before hearing them |
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What is the first step of Cracking? |
Heating a long chain of hydrocarbons to vaporise it |
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What is the second stage of cracking? |
Passing the vapour over a catalyst |
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What is the third stage of cracking? |
The long chain molecules split apart |
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What do Alkenes have? |
A C=C Double Bond |
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What is the formula for an Alkene? |
CnH2n |
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What is the formula for an Alkene? |
CnH2n |
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What is the first & second Alkene? |
Ethene Propene |
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What is the formula for an Alkene? |
CnH2n |
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What is the first & second Alkene? |
Ethene Propene |
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How do you test for an Alkene? |
Adding bromine water Alkene will decolourise the water |
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What is the product of Ethene and Steam? |
Ethanol |
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What is the product of Ethene and Steam? |
Ethanol |
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What is the word equation for fermentation? |
Sugar = Carbon dioxide + Ethanol |
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What is the product of Ethene and Steam? |
Ethanol |
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What is the word equation for fermentation? |
Sugar = Carbon dioxide + Ethanol |
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What is an advantage of Fermentation? |
- needs lower temp - renewable resource - can be a cheap fuel |
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What is the product of Ethene and Steam? |
Ethanol |
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What is the word equation for fermentation? |
Sugar = Carbon dioxide + Ethanol |
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What is an advantage of Fermentation? |
- needs lower temp - renewable resource - can be a cheap fuel |
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What is a disadvantage of Fermentation? |
Isn't concentrated Needs to be purified |
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What is the product of Ethene and Steam? |
Ethanol |
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What is the word equation for fermentation? |
Sugar = Carbon dioxide + Ethanol |
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What is an advantage of Fermentation? |
- needs lower temp - renewable resource - can be a cheap fuel |
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What is a disadvantage of Fermentation? |
Isn't concentrated Needs to be purified |
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How do Alkenes make Polymers? |
Pressure and a Catlyst |
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What is the product of Ethene and Steam? |
Ethanol |
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What is the word equation for fermentation? |
Sugar = Carbon dioxide + Ethanol |
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What is an advantage of Fermentation? |
- needs lower temp - renewable resource - can be a cheap fuel |
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What is a disadvantage of Fermentation? |
Isn't concentrated Needs to be purified |
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How do Alkenes make Polymers? |
Pressure and a Catlyst |
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What is a Smart Material? |
A material that changes its properties based on its environments |
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What is the product of Ethene and Steam? |
Ethanol |
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What is the word equation for fermentation? |
Sugar = Carbon dioxide + Ethanol |
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What is an advantage of Fermentation? |
- needs lower temp - renewable resource - can be a cheap fuel |
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What is a disadvantage of Fermentation? |
Isn't concentrated Needs to be purified |
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How do Alkenes make Polymers? |
Pressure and a Catlyst |
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What is a Smart Material? |
A material that changes its properties based on its environments |
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How is Memory Foam a smart material? |
It gets softer as it gets warmer |
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What is the product of Ethene and Steam? |
Ethanol |
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What is the word equation for fermentation? |
Sugar = Carbon dioxide + Ethanol |
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What is an advantage of Fermentation? |
- needs lower temp - renewable resource - can be a cheap fuel |
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What is a disadvantage of Fermentation? |
Isn't concentrated Needs to be purified |
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How do Alkenes make Polymers? |
Pressure and a Catlyst |
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What is a Smart Material? |
A material that changes its properties based on its environments |
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How is Memory Foam a smart material? |
It gets softer as it gets warmer |
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What is a bad thing about Polymers? |
They aren't biodegradable |
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How are plant oils obtained? |
Plant material is crushed Then pressed Then squashed the oil out |
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What is the product of Ethene and Steam? |
Ethanol |
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What is the word equation for fermentation? |
Sugar = Carbon dioxide + Ethanol |
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What is an advantage of Fermentation? |
- needs lower temp - renewable resource - can be a cheap fuel |
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What is a disadvantage of Fermentation? |
Isn't concentrated Needs to be purified |
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How do Alkenes make Polymers? |
Pressure and a Catlyst |
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What is a Smart Material? |
A material that changes its properties based on its environments |
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How is Memory Foam a smart material? |
It gets softer as it gets warmer |
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What is a bad thing about Polymers? |
They aren't biodegradable |
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How are plant oils obtained? |
Plant material is crushed Then pressed Then squashed the oil out |
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How is oil separated from plant material? |
A centrifuge |
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What is the product of Ethene and Steam? |
Ethanol |
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What process refiners oil? |
Distillation |
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What are vegetable oils used for? |
Fuels Food |
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What are the benefits vegetable oils have in cooking? |
They have high boiling points Cook at a faster speed Increase energy in food |
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What is the product of Ethene and Steam? |
Ethanol |
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What process refiners oil? |
Distillation |
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What are vegetable oils used for? |
Fuels Food |
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What are the benefits vegetable oils have in cooking? |
They have high boiling points Cook at a faster speed Increase energy in food |
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What is the word equation for fermentation? |
Sugar = Carbon dioxide + Ethanol |
|
|
What is an advantage of Fermentation? |
- needs lower temp - renewable resource - can be a cheap fuel |
|
|
What is a disadvantage of Fermentation? |
Isn't concentrated Needs to be purified |
|
|
How do Alkenes make Polymers? |
Pressure and a Catlyst |
|
|
What is a Smart Material? |
A material that changes its properties based on its environments |
|
|
How is Memory Foam a smart material? |
It gets softer as it gets warmer |
|
|
What is a bad thing about Polymers? |
They aren't biodegradable |
|
|
How are plant oils obtained? |
Plant material is crushed Then pressed Then squashed the oil out |
|
|
How is oil separated from plant material? |
A centrifuge |
|
|
What is the product of Ethene and Steam? |
Ethanol |
|
|
What process refiners oil? |
Distillation |
|
|
What are vegetable oils used for? |
Fuels Food |
|
|
What are the benefits vegetable oils have in cooking? |
They have high boiling points Cook at a faster speed Increase energy in food |
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Why are vegetable oils used as fuels? |
They provide a lot of energy |
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What is the word equation for fermentation? |
Sugar = Carbon dioxide + Ethanol |
|
|
What is an advantage of Fermentation? |
- needs lower temp - renewable resource - can be a cheap fuel |
|
|
What is a disadvantage of Fermentation? |
Isn't concentrated Needs to be purified |
|
|
How do Alkenes make Polymers? |
Pressure and a Catlyst |
|
|
What is a Smart Material? |
A material that changes its properties based on its environments |
|
|
How is Memory Foam a smart material? |
It gets softer as it gets warmer |
|
|
What is a bad thing about Polymers? |
They aren't biodegradable |
|
|
How are plant oils obtained? |
Plant material is crushed Then pressed Then squashed the oil out |
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|
How is oil separated from plant material? |
A centrifuge |
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What kind of bonds do unsaturated fats have? |
C=C Double Bonds |
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What kind of bonds do unsaturated fats have? |
C=C Double Bonds |
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What will happen to unsaturated fats in bromine water? |
It will decolourise |
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What kind of bonds do unsaturated fats have? |
C=C Double Bonds |
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What will happen to unsaturated fats in bromine water? |
It will decolourise |
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What state are unsaturated oils at room temperature? |
Liquid |
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How are Unsaturated oils Hydrogenated? |
Hardened by reacting with Hydrogen Nickel catalyst present |
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What kind of bonds do unsaturated fats have? |
C=C Double Bonds |
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What will happen to unsaturated fats in bromine water? |
It will decolourise |
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What state are unsaturated oils at room temperature? |
Liquid |
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How are Unsaturated oils Hydrogenated? |
Hardened by reacting with Hydrogen Nickel catalyst present |
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What are the positives of Hydrogenated unsaturated oils? |
- high melting points - solid so spreadable |
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What kind of bonds do unsaturated fats have? |
C=C Double Bonds |
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What will happen to unsaturated fats in bromine water? |
It will decolourise |
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What state are unsaturated oils at room temperature? |
Liquid |
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How are Unsaturated oils Hydrogenated? |
Hardened by reacting with Hydrogen Nickel catalyst present |
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What are the positives of Hydrogenated unsaturated oils? |
- high melting points - solid so spreadable |
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Why are partially hydrogenated oils used? |
- keep longer - cheaper |
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What kind of bonds do unsaturated fats have? |
C=C Double Bonds |
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What will happen to unsaturated fats in bromine water? |
It will decolourise |
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What state are unsaturated oils at room temperature? |
Liquid |
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How are Unsaturated oils Hydrogenated? |
Hardened by reacting with Hydrogen Nickel catalyst present |
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What are the positives of Hydrogenated unsaturated oils? |
- high melting points - solid so spreadable |
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Why are partially hydrogenated oils used? |
- keep longer - cheaper |
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Why are partially hydrogenated oils bad? |
- they have trans fat - which is bad |
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What is the healthiest type of fat? |
Saturated |
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What do unsaturated fats do? |
Increase cholesterol Which blocks up arteries |
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What kind of bonds do unsaturated fats have? |
C=C Double Bonds |
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What are Emulsions? |
Drops of one liquid suspended in another |
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What do oil/water emulsions have that are different from their original substances? |
Thicker |
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What will happen to unsaturated fats in bromine water? |
It will decolourise |
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What state are unsaturated oils at room temperature? |
Liquid |
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How are Unsaturated oils Hydrogenated? |
Hardened by reacting with Hydrogen Nickel catalyst present |
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What are the positives of Hydrogenated unsaturated oils? |
- high melting points - solid so spreadable |
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Why are partially hydrogenated oils used? |
- keep longer - cheaper |
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Why are partially hydrogenated oils bad? |
- they have trans fat - which is bad |
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What is the healthiest type of fat? |
Saturated |
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What do unsaturated fats do? |
Increase cholesterol Which blocks up arteries |
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What do natural unsaturated fats do? |
Reduce cholesterol In blood |
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What kind of bonds do unsaturated fats have? |
C=C Double Bonds |
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What are Emulsions? |
Drops of one liquid suspended in another |
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What do oil/water emulsions have that are different from their original substances? |
Thicker |
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What is the correlation between thickness and oil solution? |
More oil more thickness |
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Give two examples of oil-in-water emulsions |
Milk Whipped Cream |
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What bit of the Emulsifier is attracted to water? |
Hydrophilic |
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What bit of the Emulsifier is attracted to oil? |
Hydrophobic |
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How do the emulsifiers make sure that the emulsion won't separate out? |
Oil latches to hydrophobic The hydrophilic faces outwards Oil molecules repealed Water molecules latch on |
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What are the pros and cons of an emulsifier? |
- long shelf life's - good texture
- allergies |
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What will happen to unsaturated fats in bromine water? |
It will decolourise |
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What state are unsaturated oils at room temperature? |
Liquid |
|
|
How are Unsaturated oils Hydrogenated? |
Hardened by reacting with Hydrogen Nickel catalyst present |
|
|
What are the positives of Hydrogenated unsaturated oils? |
- high melting points - solid so spreadable |
|
|
Why are partially hydrogenated oils used? |
- keep longer - cheaper |
|
|
Why are partially hydrogenated oils bad? |
- they have trans fat - which is bad |
|
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What is the healthiest type of fat? |
Saturated |
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What do unsaturated fats do? |
Increase cholesterol Which blocks up arteries |
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What do natural unsaturated fats do? |
Reduce cholesterol In blood |
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What kind of bonds do unsaturated fats have? |
C=C Double Bonds |
|
|
What are Emulsions? |
Drops of one liquid suspended in another |
|
|
What do oil/water emulsions have that are different from their original substances? |
Thicker |
|
|
What is the correlation between thickness and oil solution? |
More oil more thickness |
|
|
Give two examples of oil-in-water emulsions |
Milk Whipped Cream |
|
|
What bit of the Emulsifier is attracted to water? |
Hydrophilic |
|
|
What bit of the Emulsifier is attracted to oil? |
Hydrophobic |
|
|
How do the emulsifiers make sure that the emulsion won't separate out? |
Oil latches to hydrophobic The hydrophilic faces outwards Oil molecules repealed Water molecules latch on |
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|
What are the pros and cons of an emulsifier? |
- long shelf life's - good texture
- allergies |
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Why wasn't continental drift accepted? |
- innacurate data - not enough evidence |
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What will happen to unsaturated fats in bromine water? |
It will decolourise |
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What state are unsaturated oils at room temperature? |
Liquid |
|
|
How are Unsaturated oils Hydrogenated? |
Hardened by reacting with Hydrogen Nickel catalyst present |
|
|
What are the positives of Hydrogenated unsaturated oils? |
- high melting points - solid so spreadable |
|
|
Why are partially hydrogenated oils used? |
- keep longer - cheaper |
|
|
Why are partially hydrogenated oils bad? |
- they have trans fat - which is bad |
|
|
What is the healthiest type of fat? |
Saturated |
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What do unsaturated fats do? |
Increase cholesterol Which blocks up arteries |
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What do natural unsaturated fats do? |
Reduce cholesterol In blood |
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What happens in the mantle which produces heat? |
Radioactive decay |
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What was Phase 1 of the Earths atmosphere? |
Volcanoes gave out gases Mostly Co2 Oceans formed when water vapour condensed |
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What was Phase 1 of the Earths atmosphere? |
Volcanoes gave out gases Mostly Co2 Oceans formed when water vapour condensed |
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What was Phase 2 of the Atmosphere |
Green plants evolved Co2 dissolved in oceans Hydrocarbons Locked up |
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What was Phase 1 of the Earths atmosphere? |
Volcanoes gave out gases Mostly Co2 Oceans formed when water vapour condensed |
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What was Phase 2 of the Atmosphere |
Green plants evolved Co2 dissolved in oceans Hydrocarbons Locked up |
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What was Phase 3 of the Atmosphere? |
Ozone layer allows complex animals Prevents harmful rays |
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What was Phase 1 of the Earths atmosphere? |
Volcanoes gave out gases Mostly Co2 Oceans formed when water vapour condensed |
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What was Phase 2 of the Atmosphere |
Green plants evolved Co2 dissolved in oceans Hydrocarbons Locked up |
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What was Phase 3 of the Atmosphere? |
Ozone layer allows complex animals Prevents harmful rays |
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What is Primordial Soup? |
Nitrogen, hydrogen, ammonia, methane Lightning caused amino acids Amino acids make up organisms |
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What was wrong with the primordial soup experiment that was carried out? |
Not all amino acids were made So there must have been other gases |
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What was Phase 1 of the Earths atmosphere? |
Volcanoes gave out gases Mostly Co2 Oceans formed when water vapour condensed |
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What was Phase 2 of the Atmosphere |
Green plants evolved Co2 dissolved in oceans Hydrocarbons Locked up |
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What was Phase 3 of the Atmosphere? |
Ozone layer allows complex animals Prevents harmful rays |
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What is Primordial Soup? |
Nitrogen, hydrogen, ammonia, methane Lightning caused amino acids Amino acids make up organisms |
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What was wrong with the primordial soup experiment that was carried out? |
Not all amino acids were made So there must have been other gases |
