Chandler Chance - A&p 1 - Chapter 8 - The Joints

Front 1

What does the word articulation mean?

Back 1

forms a joint

Front 2

What are the two classifications of joints?

Back 2

-functional

-structural

Front 3

What are the three functional classifications?

Back 3

1) synarthroses

2) amphiarthroses

3) diarthroses

Front 4

Which type of functional joint is immovable?

Back 4

synarthroses

Front 5

Which type of functional joint is slightly movable?

Back 5

amphiarthroses

Front 6

Which type of joint is freely movable?

Back 6

diarthroses

Front 7

What are the three structural classifications of joints?

Back 7

1) fibrous

2) cartilaginous

3) synovial

Front 8

What are the three types of fibrous structural joints?

Back 8

1) sutures

2) syndesmoses

3) gomphoses

Front 9

What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?

Back 9

1) synchondroses

2) symphyses

Front 10

What are the six types of synovial joints?

Back 10

1) plane

2) hinge
3) pivot
4) condyloid/ellipsoidal

5) saddle

6) ball-and-socket

Front 11

What type of fibrous structural joint do we find between the skull bones?

Back 11

sutures

Front 12

Skull bones fuse in middle age and are called _____.

Back 12

synostoses

Front 13

What are two examples of a syndesmoses?

Back 13

1) distal tibiofibular joint

2) interosseous membrane between radius and ulna

Front 14

Where would we find a gomphoses joint?

Back 14

between tooth and its alveolar socket

Front 15

Fibrous joints allow for what type of movement?

Back 15

synarthrotic (immovable)

Front 16

Where are two examples of synchondroses located?

Back 16

1) epiphyseal plates of children

2) cartilage of 1st rib with manubrium

Front 17

What type of movement is allowed by synchondroses cartilaginous joints?

Back 17

synarthrotic (immovable)

Front 18

What type of movement is allowed by symphyses cartilaginous joints?

Back 18

amphiarthrotic (slightly movable)

Front 19

What are two examples of symphyses joints?

Back 19

1) intervertebral joints

2) pubic symphysis

Front 20

What functional classification are synovial joints?

Back 20

diarthrotic (freely movable)

Front 21

Which joints are usually synovial joints?

Back 21

limb joints and most joints in body

Front 22

Which type of joint is the only type that contains a joint cavity?

Back 22

synovial joint

Front 23

What are the six features of synovial joints?

Back 23

1) articular cartilage

2) joint cavity (synovial cavity)

3) articular (joint) capsule

4) synovial fluid

5) reinforcing ligaments

6) nerves and blood vessels

Front 24

What are bursae?

Back 24

sacs lined with synovial membranes that contain synovial fluid; reduce friction where ligaments, muscles, and tendons might rub together

Front 25

What are the stabilizing factors of synovial joints?

Back 25

1) shape

2) ligaments (number and location)

3) muscle tone

Front 26

The ______ is the attachment to the immovable or less movable bone.

Back 26

origin

Front 27

The ______ is the attachment to the movable or most movable bone.

Back 27

insertion

Front 28

The range of motion that allows for slipping movements only is _________.

Back 28

nonaxial

Front 29

The range of motion that allows for movement in one plane is called _______.

Back 29

uniaxial

Front 30

The range of motion that allows for movement in two planes is called _______.

Back 30

biaxial

Front 31

The range of motion that allows for movement in or around all three planes is called _______.

Back 31

multiaxial

Front 32

When a bone slides over the flat surface of another flat bone, this is called a ______ movement.

Back 32

gliding

Front 33

Examples of gliding movements are:

Back 33

1) intercarpal joints

2) intertarsal joints

3) between articular processes of vertebrae

Front 34

When one decreases the angle of a joint, it is called _______.

Back 34

flexion

Front 35

Increasing the angle of a joint is called ________.

Back 35

extension

Front 36

Excessive motion beyond the normal range of motion is called _____.

Back 36

hyperextension

Front 37

Bending at the hips to pick an object off the floor is an example of what?

Back 37

flexion

Front 38

Your child asks you for money and holds out their hand to receive it. The arm is stretched out so the arm is straight. This is an example of ____.

Back 38

extension

Front 39

You are standing outside on a dark and clear night star-gazing with your spouse. Looking up at the stars would be an example of _____.

Back 39

hyperextension

Front 40

Movement toward the midline is called ______.

Back 40

adduction

Front 41

Movement away from the midline is called _____.

Back 41

abduction

Front 42

Movement that involves circular movement is called ______.

Back 42

circumduction

Front 43

Turning of a bone on its own axis is called ______.

Back 43

rotation

Front 44

What are examples of rotation?

Back 44

-turning head left to right (C1 and C2)

-rotation of humerus and femur

Front 45

A pro basketball player must _______ his arm in order to dribble the ball.

Back 45

pronate

Front 46

When the ulna and radius in the forearm are parallel to each other, the arm is ______.

Back 46

supinated

Front 47

Pointing your toes would be an example of _____.

Back 47

plantar flexion

Front 48

Flexing your foot at the ankle is an example of ______.

Back 48

dorsiflexion

Front 49

Movement of the foot where the soles of the feet face outward is called ____.

Back 49

eversion

Front 50

Movement of the foot with the soles of the feet facing toward the midline is called _____.

Back 50

inversion

Front 51

You are in an aerobics class and the instructor tells you to press your shoulder blades behind you. This is an example of ______.

Back 51

retraction

Front 52

The movement of the lower jaw to a more forward position is called ______.

Back 52

protraction

Front 53

Your PE instructor is getting your class stretched out before class begins. He tells you to shrug your shoulders toward your head. This is called ____.

Back 53

elevation

Front 54

After lifting your shoulders toward your head, your PE instructor tells you to relax your shoulders by taking them back down to their normal position. This is called _____.

Back 54

depression

Front 55

Touching each finger to the thumb is called _____.

Back 55

opposition

Front 56

Which type of joint allows for slipping or gliding movements where two flat surfaces slide across each other?

Back 56

plane

Front 57

What is an example of a plane joint?

Back 57

-joints between wrist bones

-joints between cuneiform bones in foot

Front 58

Hinge joints allow flexion and extension only. This is an example of what kind of range of motion?

Back 58

uniaxial

Front 59

Examples of hinge joints are:

Back 59

-elbow

-between the phalanxes (interphalangeal joints)

Front 60

Examples of a pivot joint would be _____.

Back 60

-joint between axis and dens

-proximal radioulnar joint

Front 61

Pivot joints allow what range of motion?

Back 61

uniaxial

Front 62

What is another name for condylar joints?

Back 62

ellipsoidal

Front 63

Condylar joints have what range of motion?

Back 63

biaxial

Front 64

Where would examples of condylar joints be?

Back 64

-wrist joints (radiocarpal)

-knuckle joints (metacarpophalangeal)

Front 65

_______ joints are similar to condyloid joints but allow for a greater range of motion.

Back 65

Saddle

Front 66

An example of saddle joints would be:

Back 66

carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Front 67

The ________ is the most freely movable joint where a spherical head on one bone fits into a cup-like depression on the other bone.

Back 67

ball-and-socket

Front 68

Examples of ball-and-socket joints are _____ and _____.

Back 68

hips and shoulders