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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the metamorphosisof the masculine imperial costume from Western Roman styles to the distinctEastern look of Justinian’s era. |
The toga picta became a folded band of fabric that evolved into theritual scarf called a lorum. The clavi evolved into the tablion. Hosa replacedthe feminalia and pointed-toe boots replaced sandals. Textiles became richlypatterned and vividly colored. The stemma replaced the stephanos. |
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Identify Asiatic influencesin Byzantine costume. |
A love of rich ornamentation and mixed patterns prevailed. Theimperial crown (stemma) resembled the Persian khula and included infulae thatbecame the Byzantine pendoulia. Pointed-toe boots replaced sandals. Theround-domed helmet of the Roman soldier was replaced by a conical versionwithout cheekpieces and visor. Women’s headdresses resembled ancient Sumerianturban styles. |
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How did the Byzantine silkindustry originate? |
According to Procopius, in 550 a group of monks smuggled silkwormeggs out of China and set up the first silkworm farm. |
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How have so many examples of Byzantine silk textiles survived? |
Because they have been carefully stored in church vaults ascoverings for artifacts. |
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How were the costumes of ordinary Byzantines comparable to the styles ofthe earlier Western Empire. |
The belted T-pattern tunica remained unchanged from the imperialRoman era through the Middle Ages—knee-length for men, ankle-length for women.Byzantine peasants wore the same types of workboots (the campagus or peros) asthe earlier Western Romans. Similarly, Byzantine craftsmen and merchants worelonger tunicas layered with palliums. All classes and both sexes woreheavy woolen cloaks like the earlier Roman paenula. |
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How did the Byzantinemilitary costume differ from that of the Roman legionnaire? |
Only the most elite could afford full body armor. The squamata wascovered with overlapping scales instead of the metal bands on the lorica. Thehelmet became conical and lost the cheekpieces and visor. Hosa replaced thefeminalia. Kite shields replaced round and oblong-shaped versions. Bootsreplaced sandals. |
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Compare and contrast theecclesiastical costumes of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Western LatinChurch of the Late Middle Ages. |
The Latin tunica alba (later the alb) became the fuller sticharionin the East. The Latin dalmatic became the sakkos with shorter sleeves andwider girth. The Latin chasuble corresponded to the Eastern phenolion with itsshorter front. The Latin stole developed into the Eastern omophorion. Thetopmost Latin garment, the cope, was the fuller and longer manduas in the East.The pointed mitre of the Latin Church is completely different from the bulbous,jeweled mitra of the East. The Latin pastoral staff (crozier) resembled a shepherd’s crook whereas the Eastern staff was topped by twinserpents. |
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In general, what elementsdistinguished the habit of a monk? |
Most monks wore a variant of a belted long tunic with a hooded cowl.Some orders included a hooded cloak or a scapular as part of the habit. Fabricswere usually of coarse wool dyed black, gray or earthtones, or leftnatural. |
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What were the origins of the monk's costume elements? |
The tunic of coarse wool came from peasant’s styles. The cowloriginated from the common cucullus. The scapular was derived from thelaborer’s work apron. |
