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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the shape of Haemophilus?
Where do they usually colonize? |
small pleomorphic rods
Colonize mucous membranes |
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What serotype of Haemophilus influenzae caused the most serious infections before vaccination? Now?
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Serotype b before vaccination, now is serotypes c and f and nonencapsulated strains.
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How is H. influenzae transmitted?
And what kind of infections do they cause? |
Organisms transmitted person-to-person through respiratory secretions
bacteremia meningitis sinusitis otitis media epiglottitis pneumonia septic arthritis cellulitis |
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Virulence factor of H. influenzae?
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antiphagocytic capsule
pro-inflammatory endotoxin pili to assist adherence |
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Bordetella's shape?
name of the most important human pathogen? what does it cause? |
coccobacillus (Gram -)
Bordetella pertussis causing whooping cough |
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How does B. pertussis spread?
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strict human pathogen (no animal or environmental reservoir) spread from person to person through infectious aerosols.
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pathology of pertussis? sequence of development?
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begins with cold-like symptoms
toxins released by bacteria cuase death of ciliated epithelial cells paroxysms of coughing, lasting for weeks |
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Which serotypes of Legionella pneumophila cause most of the human infections?
Diagnostic features of the bacteria appearance? |
serotypes 1 and 6
slender pleomorphic poorly staining rods, coccobacilli in tissue, pleomorphic in culture |
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How is Legionella transmitted?
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Aquatic saprophytes
Grow in amoebae in the water Survive high temperatures and treatment with chlorine Most infections occur in late summer and early fall Infections follow exposure to environmental source |
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Clinical manifestations of Legionella (2 diseases)?
Virulence Factors? |
Pontiac Fever
Legionnaire's disease Facultative intracellular pathogen (replicate in alveolar macrophages and monocytes) Endotoxin |
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Infectious stages of Legionnaires?
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infection through inhalation
incubation period of 2-10 days abrupt onset of fever, chills, non-productive cough, headache involves more than lung, multisystem disease involving GI tract (diarrhea), liver, kidneys, CNS |
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How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa transmitted?
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Found everywhere- soil, water, food and on plants.
Survives many disinfectants Transmission to humans comes from some environmental source Usually involves an invasive device (Foley catheter) or destruction of an important protective structure (skin) |
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Clinical manifestation of P. aeruginosa?
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Clinical manifestations- usually in compromised patients
Outer ear infections- Swimmer’s ear and malignant otitis media (diabetics) Folliculitis- hot tub use Pneumonia- cystic fibrosis patients Wound infections- burn patients UTI- associated with Foley catheter Keratitis- contact wearers |
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Virulence factor of P. aeruginosa?
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Adhesins
Capsule Endotoxin Pyocyanin (impairs ciliary function, o2 rad) Exotoxin A and S (similar to dipheria) Elastase |
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Treatment of P. aeruginosa?
Prevention? |
hard to treat due to antibiotic resistance, but can use ceftrazidime and Azetreomnam for Pen allergic
ubiquitous! hard to avoid, proper prepartion of hospital equipment, proper hand washing |
