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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chemical Reaction
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The process by which the atoms of one or more substances are rearranged to form different substances
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Reactants
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The starting substances of a chemical reaction
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Products
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The substances formed during a chemical reaction
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Chemical Equation
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A statement that uses chemical formulas to show the identities and relative amounts of the substances involved in a chemical reaction
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Coefficient
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The number written in front of a reactant or product in a chemical equation
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Synthesis Reaction
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A chemical reaction in which two or more substances react to produce a single product
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Combustion Reaction
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A synthesis reaction in which oxygen combines with a substance and releases energy in the form of heat and light
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Decomposition Reaction
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A chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds
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Single-replacement Reaction
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A reaction in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound
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Double-replacement Reaction
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A reaction involving an exchange of ions between two compounds
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Precipitate
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A solid produced during a chemical reaction in a solution
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Solute
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A substance dissolved in a solution
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Solvent
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The substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution
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Aqueous Solution
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A solution in which the solvent is water
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Complete Ionic Equation
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An ionic equation that shows all of the particles in a solution as they realistically exist
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Spectator Ions
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Ions that do not participate in a reaction and are usually not shown in ionic equations
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Net Ionic Equations
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Ionic equations that include only the particles that participate in a reaction
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Stoichiometry
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The study of quantitative relationships between amounts of reactants used and products formed by a chemical reaction
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Mole Ratio
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A ratio between the numbers of moles of any two substances in a balanced chemical equation
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Limiting Reactant
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Limits the extent of a reaction and, thereby, determines the amount of product
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Excess Reactants
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The left-over reactants after a reaction
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Theoretical Yield
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The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant
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Actual Yield
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The amount of product actually produced when a chemical reaction is carried out in an experiment
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Percent Yield
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The ration of the actual yield to the theoretical yield as a percent
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Mole
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The SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance
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Avogadro's Number
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6.033 136 7 X 10^23; used to determine the volume of one mole of a gas
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Molar Mass
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The mass in grams of one mole of any pure substance
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Percent Composition
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The percent by mass of each element in a compound
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Empirical Formula
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The formula with the smallest whole-number mole ratio of the elements
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Molecular Formula
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Specifies the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule or formula unit of a substance
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Hydrate
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A compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to its atoms
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