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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Argument
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A statement that explains, interprets, defends, challenges, or explores meaning
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Case
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The entity or thing the hypothesis talks about
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Concept
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Is a bundle of meanings or characteristics associated with certain concrete, unambiguous events, objects, conditions, or situations.
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Conceptual scheme
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the interrelationships between concepts and constructs
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Confounding variables
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Two or more variables that are confounded when their effects on a response variable cannot be distinguished from each other
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Construct
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a definition specifically invented to represent an abstract phenomenon for a given research project
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Control variable
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a variable introduced to help interpret the relationship between variables
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Correlation hypothesis
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a statement indicating that variables occur together in some specified manner without implying that one causes the other
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Deduction
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A form of reasoning in rich the conclusion must necessarily follow from the reasons given; a deduction is valid if it is impossible for the conclusion to be false if the premises are true
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Dependent variable
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the variable measured, predicted, or otherwise monitored by the researcher; expected to be affected manipulation of the independent variable
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Descriptive hypothesis
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states the existence, size, form, or distribution of some variable.
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Empiricism
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observations and propositions based on sense experience and/ or derived from such experience by methods of inductive logic, including mathematics and statistics
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Explanatory hypothesis
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a statement that describes a relationship between two variables in which one variable leads to a specific effect on the other variable
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Exposition
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a statement that describes without attempting to describe
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Extraneous variable
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a variable to assume (because it has little effect or its impact is randomized) or excluded from the research study
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Hypothetical construct
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a construct inferred only from data; its presumption must be tested
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Independent variable
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the variable manipulated by the researcher; thereby causing an effect or change on the dependent variable
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Induction
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To draw a conclusion tom one or more particular facts or pieces of evidence; the conclusion explains the facts
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Intervening variable
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a factor that affects the observed phenomenon but cannot be seen, measured, or manipulated; thus its effect must be inferred from the effects of the independent and moderating variables on the dependent variable
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Model
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a representation of a system that is constructed to study some aspect of that system or the system as a whole
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Moderating variable
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a second independent variable, believed to have a significant contributory or contingent effect on the originally stated IV-DV relationship
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Operational definition
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a definition for a variable stated in terms of specific testing criteria or operations, specifying what must be counted, measured, or gathered through our senses
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Proposition
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a statement about concepts that may be judged as true or false if it refers to observable phenomenon
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Relational hypothesis
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Describes the relationship between two variables with respect to some case; relationships are correlational or explanatory
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Scientific attitude
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Unleashes the creative drive that makes discovery possible
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Scientific method
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is systematic,empirically based procedures for generating replicable research; includes direct observation of a phenomenon
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Sound reasoning
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the basis of sound research, based on finding correct premises, testing connections between facts and assumptions and making claims based on adequate evidence
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Theory
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a set of systematically interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that are advanced to explain or predict phenomenon (facts); the generalization we make about variables and the relationships among the variables
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