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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Advantages of Teams
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*Teams out perform individuals, *They can assemble quickly or deploy and refocus if necessary.
*Customer Satisfaction *Product and Service Quality *Speed and Efficiency *Decision Making *Multiple Perspectives *Alternate solutions |
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What are the Disadvantages of teams?
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*Initially high employee turnover
*Social Loafing *Disadvantages of group decision making *minority domination *Lack of accountability *Inefficient meetings *Group think |
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What are the 3 special kinds of teams?
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*Project Teams: short term, goal oriented, specific project,
*Cross-Functional Teams: multiple perspectives and backgrounds/experience/etc,working together on a project, generate more ideas and alternative solutions. *Virtual Teams: technology-geographically dispersed |
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What is Autonomy and what are the 5 levels of teams
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Responsibility, freedom, power over yourself in an organization, authority to make decisions.
*Traditional work groups: 2 or more ppl work together to achieve a shared goal *employee involvement teams: provides suggestions on specific issues (Plant safety, customer relations, product quality) *semi-autonomous work groups: has authority to make decisions and solve problems *self-managing teams:controls major tasks of producing a product or service *self-designing teams: self managing, controls team design, work tasks, and membership. (control tasks they do and how and when they do them) |
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Define a Cohesive Team
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*retains members
*promote cooperation *have high levels of performance * Ideal team size 6-9 |
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Define C-Type and A-type conflict
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C Type: cognitive, focuses on problems and issues, associated with improvement in team performance
A type: affective (has an affect) conflict, emotional, personal disagreement, decreases in team performance... "What's YOUR gpa, why do you get to decide.." Both types occur together |
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what are the 4 main team development stages?
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*Forming: members meet form initial impressions, establish team norms,
* storming: conflict and disagreement (what to do, who should do it) *Norming: settle into rolls, cohesion *Performing: team has matured into an effective functioning team Adjourning |
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What are the 3 main theories used in selecting people for teamwork?
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*Individualism/Collectivism: self sufficient/loyal to one's self more than loyal to the team and visa versa.
*Team level: level of ability, experience, personality *Team Diversity: variances in ability, experience, personality on the team. |
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What are the 3 methods of compensating team participants?
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* Skill Based Pay: extra pay for learning additional skills or knowledge
*Gainsharing: companies share the financial value of performance gains such as productivity, cost savings, quality with their workers. *Non-financial Rewards: vacation trips/t-shirts, plaques, coffee mugs,praise, etc.. |
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How is a Leader different than a Manager?
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Leaders: create vision, promote goals and changes, set and communicate new directions, inspire, influence, long term
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How is a Manager different than a leader?
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Manager: Deal with interpersonal conflict, plan, organize, implement goals (set by leaders) maintain norm, short term
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What are the 7 components of the Leadership Trait Theory:
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1.Drive, 2.Desire to Lead, 3.Honesty and Integrity, 4.Self Confidence, 5.Emotional Stability, 6.Cognitive Ability, 7.Knowledge of the Business,
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What is Fielder's Contingency Theory?
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leaders must be matched to the situation that best fits their leadership style
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What is Fielder's theory based on situational favorableness?
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Situational Favorableness:(situation permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the group) leadership quality depends on the situation in which it permit or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members.
1. Leader/member relations:followers respect, trust, and like their leaders 2. task structure: requirements of tasks are clearly specified. 3. Position Power: degree able to hire, fire, award, and punish |
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What are the 4 main Leadership Styles?
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1. Directive: clarifying expectations and guidelines
2. Supportive: friendly and approachable 3. Participative: allowing input on decisions 4. Achievement Oriented: setting challenging goals |
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What is the Path Goal Theory?
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leaders should clarify and clear the paths to goals by increasing the # and kinds of rewards available for goal attainment.
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What is Hersey and Blanchard's Situational Theory?
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1. Worker Readiness: the ability and willingness to take/guide responsibility for directing one's behavior at work. (job/skills and psychological readiness).
2. Leadership styles |
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What are examples of Visionary Leadership?
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* Charismatic Leadership: create strong relationship-strong and confident personality
*Transformational Leadership:generates awareness of a group's purpose and mission-motivates employees to see beyond own needs and self-interest for the good of the group. *Strategic Leadership *Transactional Leadership: method of exchange, reward and punish |
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Define Extrinsic Rewards
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Rewards are tangible, visible, and contingent on performance of specific tasks. They tend to satisfy economic needs (pay benefits)
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Define Intrinsic Rewards
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Rewards are associated with performing a task for its own sake. It tends to satisfy non-economic needs such as feelings, achievement, learning.
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What is Maslow's Hierarchy of needs? (5 parts)
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1.Physiological-2.safety-3.belongingness-4.Self Esteem- 5.Self Actualization
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What is Alderfer's ERG Theory?
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1. Existence (safety and physiological needs) 2.Relatedness (belongingness) 3.Growth (esteem and self actualization)
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What is McClelland's acquired needs theory?
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(Learned Needs) 1. Power: (influence others) People want to control their
environment, including people and material resources, to benefit either themselves (personalized power) or others (socialized power) 2. Achievement (to accomplish challenging goals)People want to accomplish reasonably challenging goals through their own effort, like to be successful in competitive situations and desire unambiguous feedback regarding success – UNIVERSAL FOR MOST PEOPLE 3. Affiliation (to be liked and accepted). People seek approval from others, conform to their wishes and expectations, avoid conflict |
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What are Content Theories?
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Content theories – (what Motivates?) - Why
people have different needs at different times e.g. Maslow; Alderfer’s ERG theory; McClelland acquired needs theory |
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What are Process Theories?
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Process theories – (how Motivation occurs) -
describe the processes through which needs are translated into behaviour e.g. Equity Theory; Expectancy Theory; Goal-setting |
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What is Herzberg’s motivator/hygiene theory
(two factor model)? |
Hygiene factors: (relating to
job/working conditions) Quality of supervision Pay Company policies Physical conditions Relations with others Job security Motivator factors: (enriched jobs) Promotion opportunities Opportunities for personal growth Recognition Responsibility Achievement Motivator factors: (enriched jobs) Promotion opportunities Opportunities for personal growth Recognition Responsibility Achievement |
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What is Vroom’s Expectancy theory?
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a process theory which argues that individual
motivation depends on the valence of outcomes, the expectancy that effort will lead to good performance, and the instrumentality of performance in producing valued outcomes Valence (V): the perceived value or preference that an individual has for a particular outcome – positive, negative or neutral Instrumentality (I): the perceived probability that good performance will lead to valued rewards (0 = no chance; 1 = certainty) Expectancy (E): the perceived probability that effort will result in good performance (0 = no chance; 1 = certainty) Expectancy equation: F = V x I x E ( where F is the force of motivation) |
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What is the Equity Theory?
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Equity theory: employees weigh what they put into a job
situation (input) against what they get out of it (outcome), then compare their input/output ratio with relevant others. Inequities can influence the degree of effort that employees exert |
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What is Quid
Pro Quo? |
employee outcomes depend on
whether an individual submits to sexual harassment " Sleep with me or you won't get that promotion" |
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Hostile
Work Environment |
unwelcome and demeaning sexually
related behavior creates an intimidating and offensive work environment |
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Results of Job Analysis
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Job description, Job specification
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