Bus110-Midterm1_Chapter1

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Products that require a great deal of learning and knowledge to produce.

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Knowledge- and Information- intense products

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Organization where nearly all significant business processes and relationships with customers, suppliers, and employees are digitally enabled, and key corporate assets are managed through digital means.

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Digital firm

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The unique ways in which organizations coordinate and organize work activities, information, and knowledge to produce a product or service.

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Business Processes

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Interrelated components working stogether to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis, and visualization in an organization.

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Information system

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Data that have been shaped into a form that is meaningful and useful to human beings.

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Information

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Streams of raw facts representing events occurring in organizations or the physical environment before they have been organized and arranged into a form that people can understand and use.

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Data

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The capture or collection of raw data from within the organization or from its external environment for processing in an information system.

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Input

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The conversion, manipulation, and analysis of raw input into a form that is more meaningful to humans.

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Processing

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The distribution of processed information to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.

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Output

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Output that is returned to the appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate or correct input.

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Feedback

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System resting on accepted and fixed definitions of data and procedures, operating with predefined rules.

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Formal system

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Information systems that rely on computer hardware and software for processing and disseminating information.

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Computer-based Information Systems (CBIS)

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Broad-based understanding of information systems that includes behavioral knowledge about organizations and individuals using information systems as well as technical knowledge about computers.

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Information systems literacy

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Knowledge about information technology, focuing on understanding how computer-based technologies work.

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Computer literacy

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Specialized tasks performed in a business organization, including sales and matkering, manufacturing and production, finance and accouting, and human resources.

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Business functions

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Formal rules for accomplishing tasks that have been developed to cope with expected situations.

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Standard operating procedures (SOP)

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People, such as engineers or architects, who design products or services and creat eknowledge for the organization.

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Knowledge workers

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People, such as secretaries or bookkeepers, who process the organization's paperwork.

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Data workers

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People who actually produce the products or services of the organization.

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Production or service workers

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People occupying the topmost hierarchy in an organization who are responsible for making long-range decisions.

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Senior managers

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People in the middle of the organizational hierarchy who are responsible for carrying out the plans and goals of senior management.

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Middle Managers

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People who monitor the day-to-day activities of the organization.

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Operational managers

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Physical equipment used for input, processing, and putput activities in an information system.

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Computer hardware

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Detailed, preprogrammed, instructions that control and coordinate the work of computer hardware components in an information system.

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Computer software

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Physical media and software governing the storage and organization of data for use in an information system.

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Storage technology

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Physical devices and software that link various computer harware components and transfer data from one physical location to another.

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Communications technology

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The linking of two or more computers to share data or resources, such as a printer.

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Network

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Computer harware, software, data, storage technology, and networks providing a portfolioof shared IT resources for the organization.

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Information Technology (IT) infrastructure

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Additional assets required to derive value from a primary investment.

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Complementary assets

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Investments in organization and management, such as new business processes, management behavior, organizational culture, or training.

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Organizational and Management Capital

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The study of information systems focusing on their use in business and management.

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Management information systems (MIS)

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International network of networks that is a collection of hundreds of thousands of private and public networks.

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Internet

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A system with universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a networked environment.

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World Wide Web

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All the World Wide Web pages maintained by an organization or an individual.

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Web site

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The capacity to offer individually tailored products or services using mass production resources.

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Mass customization

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Four worldwide changes that have altered the business environment.

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Globalization, Rise of the Information Economy, Transformation of the Business Enterprise, Emergence of the Digital Firm