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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organization
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A formal collection of people and other resources established to accomplish a set of goals
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Organizational Structure
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Organizational subunites and the way they relate to the overall organization
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Traditional Organizational Structure
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Organizational structure in which major department heads report to a president or top-level manager
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Team Organizational Structure
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Strucure centered on work teams or groups
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Multidimensional Organizational Structure
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Structures that may incorporate several structures at the same time
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Organizational Culture
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The major understandings and assumptions for a business, a corporation, or an organization
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Organizational Change
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The responses that are necessary for for-profit and nonprofit organizations to plan for, implement, and handle change
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Reengineering
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The radical redesign of business processes, org. structures, I/S, and values of the org. to achieve a breakthrough in business results; quantum leaps
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Continuous Improvement
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Constantly seeking ways to improve the business processes to add value to products and services
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Technology Diffusion
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A measure of how widely technology is spread throughout the organization
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Technology Infusion
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The extent to which technology is deeply integrated into an area or department
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Total Quality Management
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A colection of approaches, tools, and techniquest that fosters a commitment to quality throughout the organization
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Outsourcing
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Contracting with outside professional services to meet specific business needs
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Downsizing
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Reducing the number of employees to cut costs
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Competitive Advantage
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A significant and (ideally) long-term benefit to a company over its competition
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Porter's Five-Forces Model
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Competitive forces model; 1)rivalry among existing competitors; 2)Threat of new entrants; 3)Threat of substitue products and services; 4)Bargaining power of buyers; 5)Bargaining power of suppliers
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Rivalry Among Competitors
5 Forces |
Analyze how resources and assets are used; Resource based view focuses on acq/controlling assets/resources to help gain Comp.Adv.
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Methods Used to Alter Industry Structure
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Process of changing the insdstry to become more favorable to the company; Gain more power over suppliers/customers; Create barriers to new Co.'s; Strategic alliances/ptnrships
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Altering Products and Services
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Create new products and services to gain compAdv.; constantly develop
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Forces + Methods for Comp. ADV.
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Alter Industry Structure; Created New Products and Services; Improve Existing Product Lines and Services
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Productivity
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Output/Input
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Roles in Information Systems
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Operations: focueses on the use/efficiency of IS; Sys. Dev.: Specifice dev. projects/ongoing maint.; Support:providing user assistance in hard/software use
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Hardware
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Any machinery that assists in the input, processing, storage, and output activities of an IS
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Hardware Components
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CPU, ALU, Control Unit, Register, Primary Storage
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CPU's Purpose
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responsible for processing; arithmetic/logic, control unit, register areas; associated with the memory
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Pipelining
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A form of CPU operation in which there are multiple execution phases in a single machine cycle
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Moore's Law
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A hypothesis that states that transistor densities on a single chip will double every 18 months
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Superconductivity
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A property of certain metals that allows current to flow with minimal electrical resistance; trying to find something beyond silicone
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Primary Storage
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Part of the computer that holds program instructions and data; RAM, Cache, ROM
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Secondary Storage
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Devices that store larger amounts of data, instructions, and information more permanently than allowed with main memory; Magnetic Tape, Discs, DVD, Flash Memory
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RAM
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Random Access Memory; temporary and volatile
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ROM
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Read-Only Memory; non-volatile, circuit states is fixed; provides permanent storage for data+instructions
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Sequential Access
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Data must be accessed in the order in which it was stored; SASD
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Direct Access
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Data can be retrieved directly without the need to pass by other data in sequence; DASD
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Input Devices
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Getting Data into the computer; Voice Recognition, Personal Computer Input Devices, Digital Computer Cameras
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Output Devices
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Provide the right information to the right person in the right format/time; Monitors, LCD, MP3 players, Printers
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System Software
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The set of programs designed to coordinate the activites and functions of the hardware and various programs throughtout the computer system
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Application Software
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Programs that help users solve particular computing problems
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Computer Program
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Sequences of instructions for the computer
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Documentation
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Text that describes the program functions to help the user operate the computer system
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Operating System
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A set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware and acts as an interface with application programs
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Graphical User Interface vs. Command
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Command- text commands given to computer to perform; Graphical- uses pictures and icons displayed to send commands to computer
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User Interface
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Allows individuals to access and command the computer system
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Utility Programs
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Programs used to merge and sort sets of data, keep track of Comp. jobs being run, compress data before they are stored/transmitted over a network, perform other important tasks
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Groupware
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Supports teamwork; Conveinent, Content, Coverage
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ERP
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A set of integrated programs that manage a company's vital business operations for an entire multisite, global organization
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Programming Languages
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Sets of keywords, symbols, and a system of rules for constructing statements by which humans can communicate instructions to be executed by a computer
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Levels of Program Languages
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First - Fourth Generation; Machine, Assembly, High-level, Query and Database, Natural and Intelligent
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Software Bug
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A defect in a computer program that keeps it from performing in the manner intended
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Open-Source Software
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Software that is freely available to anyone in a form that can be easily modified
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