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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 4 structures of the skin?
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epidermis
dermis hypodermis epidermal appendages |
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epidermis -
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top layer of skin; layers of epithelial cells; dead cells -4layers; renews itself every 30 days.
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What are the 2 types of cells found in the epidermis?
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melanocytes - 5% -pigment; protects from uv light.
keratinocytes - 95% - waterproofing; protects against invasion. |
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Dermis -
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supportive tissue; very vascular; helps control body temp.; can alter BP. ex. body hot, vessels dilate, BP decreases.
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hypodermis -
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provides insulation; connects dermis to what's underneath.
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epidermal appendages -
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all things that pass through dermis - hair follicles, glands, etc.
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Function of skin -
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protection
keeps what's inside from coming out (loss of fluid); temp regulation; synthesis of vitamin D; fluids and wastes excreted thru skin (600 ml per day)> insensible loss. Urea, ammonia, sodium excreted through skin. Sensory info from outside environment. As age, lose elasticity, lose insulation, tears more easily, decreased blood flow - heals slower; gland activity decreases, skin gets drier. |
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What are the 4 types of burn injuries?
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thermal
chemical inhalation electrical |
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thermal -
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most common - 90% of burns
contact with hot material damage from coagulation of protein in whatever tissue is involved. Extent of thermal injury > time and temperature. 140 degrees - 3-5 seconds=burn 112 degrees - won't cause burn water heater at home > 120 deg |
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chemical -
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contact with tissue destructing substance: acid or alkyline. Can be dry or liquid chemicals (when inhaled, dry)does same thing in respiratory tract that can't wash out.> can take up to 3 days to get out.
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which is more severe, acid or alkyline chemical?
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alkyline - diffuse into cell more quickly, takes longer to neutralize.
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electical -
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produces tissue coagulation and disrupts nerve impulses that go through area. Entry and exit point (usually bigger) everything in between is coagulated.
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smoke and inhalation -
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smoke damage from chemicals in fire. Damage above glottis due to heat. Glottis closes when heat contacts, don't get damage below. Below glottis, inhalation damage from toxins.
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carbon monoxide -
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majority of deaths at scene - CO has greater infinity for hemoglobin, displaces oxygen -die of anoxia.
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