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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the pathophysiology of a Burn?
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tissue destruction can cause many local and systemic problems including fluid and protein losses, sepsis, and disturbance of the metabolic, endocrine, respiratory, cardiac, hematologic and immune systems.
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What are the 5 types of burns?
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Superficial
Partial-thickness * superficial and deep Full thickness (escar develops) Deep full-thickness |
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Describe a superficial burn
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pink to red color, mild edema, no blisters. EX: sunburn, flash burn
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Describe Partial-thickness superficial
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*Pink to red skin, moist
*Mild to moderate edema * intense Pain *Blisters *approx 2 wks to heal EX: scalds, flames |
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Describe Partial-thickness deep burn
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*deeper into the dermis
*red to white skin,waxy without vesicles *Moderate edema *pain *escar * blood supply < = vasoconstriction * may progress to deeper involvement *2-6 wk healing *grafts might be used *EX: scalds, flames, tar, grease, chemicals |
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Describe Full-thickness burns
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* enditre epidermal and dermal layers involved.
*black, brown, yellow, white or ered skin *No epidermal tissue * servere edema * pain *eschar Must be removed for healing *weeks to months to heal Skin grafts required (>12-16) Escharotomy/or Fasciotomy may be necessary |
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Descrobe Deep Full thickness burns
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Extend into fasica/tissues/bones
black skin Eschar present Weeks to months to heal Grafts required EX: flames, electricity, grease , tar, chemicals |
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why are there vascular changes resulting from burns?
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Damaged macrophages within the tissue realease chemicals that intially preoduce vasoconstriction. Following vasoconstriction the vesels dilate.Which causes increased capillary premeability.
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What is third spacing?
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leaking of plasma from the intravascular space into the interstitial space. Resulting in a decreased colloidal osmotic pressure in the vascular space. This caused edema.
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As a result of 3rd spacing what can you see imbalances of?
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F & E ,
acid-base hypovolemia metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia hyponatremia hemoconcentration |
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The Inflammatory response gradually subsides within ...
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24-36 hrs. the fluids shift back into the circulation. thus called Remobilization
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What phase will you usually see hyponatremia, anemia, and hypoKalemia?
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Fluid Remobilization. as inflammatory responses decrease. Na lost through wounds, K returns to intracellular compartment, anemia as a reult of hemodilution.
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Pulmonary changes are a major couse of morbidity T or F?
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T
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What is a Curlings ulcer and where is it
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GI ulcer may develp within 24 hr after a severe burn injury.
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What drugs are used to decrease chances of developing Curlings ulcer?
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Taament, Zantac or Carafate
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What are some metabolic changes you will see with burns?
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hypermetabolic state requiring > calories and protein up to 5000. these req peak 4-12 days after burn and can last months
* > body core tem, low-grade T * > oxygen requirements |
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The Sympathetic nervous system response is a compensatory response describe this.
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evident in cardiovasuclar, respiratory and GI system.
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when is the emergent phase and what do you assess?
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1st hr
airway important circulation limit extent of injury Maintain Vital organ functions obtain hx |