Burke-Chemistry Test 1

Front 1

Define Matter

Back 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Front 2

Atoms are composed of what?

Back 2

Protons, electrons, neurons

Front 3

What does Dalton's Atomic Theory state?

Back 3

1. All matter (elements) is composed of atoms.
2. Elements are comprised of only one kind of atom
3. The atoms of a given element all exhibit identical chemical properties and have the same mass

Front 4

What charge does a neutron have?
What weight?

Back 4

no charge
it has weight

Front 5

What charge does a proton have?
What weight?

Back 5

positive charge
weighted

Front 6

What charge does an electron have?
What weight?

Back 6

negative charge
very little weight (almost none)

Front 7

What is the definition of an element?

Back 7

Any basic substance made up of atoms of identical atomic (proton) structure...
cannot be further decomposed...
loses it's chemical properties by electromagnetic union with one or more other elements through a nuclear reaction that changes it's atomic (proton) configuration

Front 8

What is the symbol for carbon and the atomic # and atomic weight

Back 8

Carbon:
C
Atomic #6
Atomic wt: 12.0

Front 9

True or False

Atoms of different elements have the same chemical properties?

Back 9

False, different elements have different chemical properties

Front 10

True or false

In the course of an ordinary chemical rxn, atoms can disappear or chane into atoms of another element?

Back 10

False. In a chemical rxn, no atom of one element disappears or is changed into an atom of another element

Front 11

What are molecules?

Back 11

Groups of atoms bonded together binto a discrete unit by covalent bonds.
They are electronically neutral

Front 12

When are compounds formed?

Back 12

When atoms of more than ne element combine in a fixed ratio by mass

Front 13

What is an ionic compound?

Back 13

An ionic compound contains positively charged ions and negatively charged ions

Front 14

True or False?
All positively charged ions are attracted to all of the negatively charged ions?

Back 14

True

Front 15

Are ionic compounds molecules?

Back 15

No, ionic compounds are not molecules.

Front 16

Give one example of a substance that is a molecule and an element

Back 16

Oxygen

Front 17

State the Law of Constant Composition

Back 17

A compound, regardless of its origin or method of preparation, always contains the same elements in the same proportions as weight

Front 18

Name this Law:

When 2 elements combine to form two different compounds, the weights of one which combine with a fixed weight of another are in a single ratio of whole numbers

Back 18

Law of Multiple Proportions

Front 19

Define atom

Back 19

The smallest part of an element that retains the chemical properties of the element

Front 20

What makes up the nucleus of an atom?

Back 20

protons and neutrons.

electrons are in the outer shells

Front 21

Where are the electrons and what are they doing?

Back 21

The electrons are in various orbits circling the nucleus. The orbits are in differing distances fromo the nucleus. They are also called energy levels because the rate and vector of electron travel varies in distance and energy

Front 22

What gives an atom it's electrical properties?

Back 22

The number of electrons in the atom's outer orbits....how readily it will donate, accept or share electrons with other elements to form new substances

Front 23

What does the atomic number of an element tell you?

Back 23

It tells you how many protons.
Remember, though, the electron number will be the same as the proton number.

Front 24

If Lithium has the atomic number 3, how many protons and electrons are there?

Back 24

3
The atomic number incidates how many protons there are...and the electron is the same number

Front 25

What is AMU?

Back 25

Atomic Mass Unit.

Front 26

Going down the periodic table (in a column)...this is referred to as a ___?

Back 26

Group

Front 27

Going across the periodic table (in a row), is called a ___?

Back 27

Period

Front 28

What is the mass of the carbon atom?

Back 28

12

Front 29

What are ions?

Back 29

An atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons.

Front 30

A positive ion is called?

Back 30

Cation

Front 31

A negative ion is called?

Back 31

Anion

Front 32

What is a quaternary ammonium compound?

Back 32

Its a molecule that contains at least one atom of NITROGEN and that carries A POSITIVE CHARGE AT ALL TIMES

Front 33

Most nitrogen containing compounds, the nitrogen atoms has only 3 chemical bonds. In a quaternary compound, there is atypical binding to nitrogen. What is it?

Back 33

The quaternary compound nitrogen atom has 4 chemical bonds. It is this 4th nitrogen bond that always carries the positive charge.

Front 34

Why does this positive charge matter (in quaternary compounds)?

Back 34

Because when they are charged, they are not lipid soluble and they can't pass across membranes such as the blood brain barrier. Ex, if injested, the drug can't move into the blood stream and have an effect

Front 35

Name a drug that doesn't cross the BBB

Back 35

Robinul
Curare (tubocurarine)

All non depolarizing muscle relaxants.

Front 36

Although quaternary ammonium compounds always carry a postiive charge, some drugs can exist either in a charged or uncharged form. Some are weak acids or weak bases. Whether a weak acid or weak base will or will not carry a charge is dependent on?

Back 36

the pH of the surrounding medium.
Ph will determine the ionization of the drugs

Front 37

True or False...
an Acid is a proton acceptor?

Back 37

False...an acid is a proton donor.
An acid is a compound that can give up a hydrogen ion (a proton)

Front 38

A baseis a compound that can ___ hydrogen ions

Back 38

take up

A base is a proton acceptor

Front 39

What is ionization?

Back 39

Ionization is the process in which a compound either gives up or receives a proton...and in doing so, converts thae acid or base into a charged particle (an ion).

Example, when an acid gives up it's proton (which is positively charged), the acid itself becomes negatively charged.
The opposite occurs with a base..it accepts a proton and the base itself becomes postiively charged.

Front 40

Acids will tend to ionize in a ___ media

Back 40

basic alkaline

Front 41

Bases tend to ionize in a ___ media

Back 41

acidic

Front 42

Forumla for density?

Back 42

Density = mass/volume

Front 43

Formula for Mass?

Back 43

Mass = density x volume

Front 44

Formula for Volume?

Back 44

Volume = mass/density

Front 45

** Specific Gravity does not have measuring units of it's own, so what is the standard comparison normally used??

Back 45

The density of water

Front 46

Do you measure temperatures on all cases?

Back 46

You measure the patient's temperature on all general anesthesia cases but not necessary on MAC cases.

Front 47

What are the three temperature scales used in this country?

Back 47

Farenheit, Celsius (centrigrade) and Kelvin

Front 48

What effect does hypothermia have on a patient?

Back 48

Hypothermia causes delayed metabolism, so that when a patient warms up there will be an increase in the drug effect as the warming occurs. This may delay the wake up.