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121 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Regional ACs - importance and source
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- 2/3 of Burgundies production
- Lesser vineyards or declassified wines due to excessive yields - Come from anywhere in Burgundy |
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Regional ACs in ascending order (10)
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- Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire AC
- Bourgogne Aligote AC - Bourgogne Passetoutgrains Ac - Bourgogne Rouge AC - Bourgogne Blanc AC - Bourgogne Hautes-Cotes de Nuits AC - Bourgogne Hauts-Cotes de Beaune AC - Bourgogne Cote Chalonnaise AC - Macon Villages - Macon Villages + Village name AC |
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Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire AC
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- Mainly Gamay
- Some white produced (Melon de Bourgogne/Aligote blend) |
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Bourgogne Aligote AC
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- Chablis, some Cote d'Or and Cote Chalonnaise villages produce
- High acid - Low alcohol - Village of Bouzeron has its own appellation for Aligote |
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Bourgogne Passetoutgrains AC
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- literally 'chuck it all together'
- Blend of Pinot Noir and Gamay - Min 30% Pinot Noir |
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Bourgogne Rouge AC and Bourgogne Blanc AC
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Pinot Noir for red
Chardonnay for white |
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Bourgogne Hauts-Cotes de Nuits AC
and Bourgogne Hauts-Cotes de Beaune AC |
- Red and white
- Made by 18 villages in the hills behind the cote - Lighter in body and less concentrated than Cote de Nuits - Most made in co-operative cellar in Beaune |
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Bourgogne Cote Chalonnaise AC
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Covers Rully, Givry, Montagny, Mercurey and some surrounding villages
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Communal ACs - rules and standards
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- Do not include word 'Bourgogne'
- Step up from regional ACs - Higher minimum abv than regional ACs |
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Burgundy AC levels in ascending order
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- Regional ACs (eg Borgogne Blanc)
- Communal ACs (eg Chablis) - Commune ACs (eg Nuits St Georges) - Single Vineyards ACs (Premier and Grand Crus) |
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Pinot Noir in Burgundy
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- Grown throughout Burgundy (except Beaujolais)
- Mutated clones with different yields, ripening times, flavours and quality potential - grey rot risk - Medium to full body - Soft tannins |
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Pinot Noir in Burgundy is prone to
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Grey rot due to small tight grape clusters
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Pinot Noir Mutations
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Mutates easily producing clones with different:
- yields - ripening times - flavours - quality potential |
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Pinot Noir flavours and structures
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- Young PN shows red fruits (strawberry, cherry, raspberry)
- Matures to vegetal, savoury and gamey notes - Medium to full bodied - Low tannins |
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Chardonnay in Burgundy
Technique and three different regional styles |
Non-aromatic ripe fruit works well with barrel ageing and less stirring giving rich, creamy, buttery wine.
- Lean, mineral and high acid in Chablis - Complex and expressive in Cote d'Or - Full bodied, rich and ripe in Macon |
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Aligote wines
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Bourgogne Aligote and Cremant de Bourgogne
Often thin, high acid wines |
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Minor white grapes of Burgundy
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- Pinot Blanc
- Pinot Gris (locally called Pinot Beurot) - Melon de Bourgogne (Muscadet) - Sacy - Sauvignon Blanc |
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All white grapes of Burgundy
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- Chardonnay
- Aligote - Pinot Blanc - Pinot Gris (locally called Pinot Beurot) - Melon de Bourgogne (Muscadet) - Sacy - Sauvignon Blanc |
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Minor red grapes of Burgundy
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- Gamay (passetoutgrains and grand ordinarie)
- Cesar - Tressot |
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All red grapes of Burgundy
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- Pinot Noir
- Gamay (passetoutgrains and grand ordinarie) - Cesar - Tressot |
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Cote de Beaune-Villages AC
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- Must be red
- All villages except Aloxe-Corton, Beaune, Pommard and Volnay (16 eligible villages) - Enables blending between villages producing large volume blend better than individual components. |
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Cote de Nuits-Villages AC
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- Can be red or white
- Very minor villages only - Enables blending between villages producing large volume blend better than individual components. |
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Commune ACs
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- Village appellations
- Under 1/4 of production - Just village name stated - If all from one vineyard (but not premier or grand cru status) can name vineyard after commune in smaller letters - lieu dit |
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Burgundy production breakdown
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- 2/3 Regional ACs
- 1/4 Communal ACs - 11% Premier Crus - 1% Grand Crus |
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Single vineyard AC facts and figures
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- Vineyard name attached to plot of land
- Registered in nearest town hall - Each Grand Cru vineyard has its own AC - Premier Crus don't have own AC, but are denominations of their appellation |
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Number of Grand Crus
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- 33 Grand Crus in total (32 Cote d'Or, 1 in Chablis)
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Number of Premier Cru Vineyards
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Over 560
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Chablis region
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Valley of Serein river and surrounding hills
- Vines planted on slope contours - Aspersion sprinklers, heaters and helicopters against frost |
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Chablis grapes
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Chardonnay only permitted variety
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Chablis AC
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- Austere
- High acid - Green apples and greengage - Can have stoney minerality |
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Chablis premier cru AC
Wines and number of vineyards |
- 17 main vineyards (sub areas can use own domains for AC)
- Well exposed slopes - Riper fruits - More body and concentration - Creamy texture - Integrated acid - Minerality |
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4 Famous Chablis Premier Crus
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- Fourchaume
- Vaillons - Montee de Tonnerre - Montmains 17 main vineyards total and sub areas can use own domaines for AC |
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Chablis Grand Cru AC
quick facts |
- 7 Vineyards form one Grand Cru
- Hillside across from town of Chablis - Ferment or age small portion in oak (integrates as wine ages) - Needs ageing to show at its best |
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Chablis Grand Cru AC
tasting note |
- Smokey, complex flavours
- High acid - long, mouthwatering finish due to acid |
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Chablis Grand Cru AC
vineyards |
- Les Clos
- Vaudesir - Valmur - Les Preuses - Bougros - Blanchot - Grenouilles * brand name La Moutonne also has Grand Cru AC status * |
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Cote d'Or soils
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limestone and marl
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Key Cotes de Nuits Communes
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- Marsannay
- Fixin - Gevrey Chambertin - Morey-St Denis - Chambolle-Musigny - Vougeot - Vosne-Romanee - Grand Echezeaux - Nuits-Saint-Georges |
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Grand Cru Reds
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All but Corton are Cote de Nuits
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Cotes de Nuits villages with NO Grand Crus
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- Marsanny
- Fixin - Nuits-Saint-George |
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Gevrey Chambertin Grand Cru
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- Chambertin
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Morey-St Denis Grand Cru
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Clos de Lambrays
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Chambolle-Musigny Grand Cru
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Le Musigny (RED)
Musigny Blanc (WHITE only her Cru white in Cotes de Nuits |
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Vougeot Grand Cru
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Clos de Vougeot (RED)
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Vosnee-Romanee Grand Cru
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- Romanee-Conti (RED)
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Grand Echezeaux
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Echezeaux (RED)
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White Cotes de Nuits Grand Cru
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- Musigny Blanc (of Chambolle Musigny)
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Bourgogne Passetoutgrains
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AC for blend of min 30% Pinot Noir and Gamay
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Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire AC
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- Red and White
- Mainly Gamay based reds - Some Aligote and Melon de Bourgogne blends |
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% of Burgundy that is domaine bottled rather than going through negociants or co-ops
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40%
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% of Burgundy bottled through negociants or co-ops
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60%
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Bourgogne Cote Chalonnais AC
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- Covers Rully, Givry, Mercurey and Montagne with some surrounding vineyards
- All are Acs in their own right too |
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Some communal appellations of Maconnaise
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- St-Veran
- Pouilly Fuisse |
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Communal Acs are?
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- Village appellations eg Puilly-Fuisse or Cote de Beaune-Villages, Chablis
- Higher min abv than regional Acs |
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Vineyard in smaller letters after commune?
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- Single vineyard but not premier or grand cru status
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Volume of commune ACs
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Around 1/4 of total production e.g. Nuits-Saint-Georges
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Number of grand crus
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32 in cote d'or and 1 in chablis (33 total)
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AC law for grand vs premier cru
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- Each grand cru has own AC
- Premier crus are denominations of appellations and don't have own ACs |
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Grand Cru production scale
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No more than 1% of Burgundy total
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Which is higher, grand or premier cru?
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Grand cru!
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Brand name Chablis Grand Cru AC
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La Mouton
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Cote d'Or Hills
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Morvan Hills behind the vineyards protect
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Cote de Beaune wine style
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Lighter bodied Pinot Noir than Cote d'Nuits and fine dry Chardonnay
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Key Cote de Beaune Villages (12)
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- Aloxe-Corton (r&w)
- Pernard-Vergelesses (r&w) - Savigny-Les-Beaune (r&w) - Beaune (r&w) - Pommard (RED only) - Volnay (RED only) - Mersault (r&w) - Saint-Aubin (r&w) - Auxey-Duresses (r&w) - Puligny-Montrachet (r&w) - Chassagne-Montrachet (r&w) - Santenay |
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Red only villages of Cote de Beaune
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- Pommard
- Volnay |
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Grand Cru status white wines of Cote de Beaune
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- Puligny-Montrachet (Le Montrachet & Batard-Montrachet)
- Chassagne-Montrachet (Le Montrachet) - Aloxe-Corton |
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Aloxe-Corton
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- Cote de Beaune
- Grand Cru AC vineyards of Corton (RED) and Corton-Charlmagne (WHITE) |
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Puligny-Montrachet
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- Cote de Beaune
- White Grand Cru vineyards of: Le Montrachet Batard-Montrachet |
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Chassagne-Montrachet
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- Cote de Beaune
- White Grand Cru vineyards of: Le Montrachet - Crists-Batard-Montrachet |
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Puligny Montrachet
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- Cote de Beaune white grand cru so long it falls into two villages: Chassagne-Montrachet and Puligny-Montrachet
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Corton
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Only Grand Cru red found in the Cote de Beaune, all others are in Cote d'Nuits
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Morey-St Denis
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- Cote de Nuits
- Red Grand Crus inc Clos de Lambrays, Clos de Tart, Clos Saint Denis |
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Chambolle-Musigny
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- Cote de Nuits
- Red grand crus Le Musigny and Bonne Marres - White Grand Cru Musigny Blanc |
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Cote de Beaune viticulture and vinification
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- low yields, perfect soil, drainage and exposure
- Fermentation, battonage and aging in French oak produce complexity |
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Light acidic whites, sparkling and red region in cote Chalonnais
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Rully
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Rully
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Light acidic whites, sparkling and red region in Cote Chalonnaise
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Cote Chalonnaise climate
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Similar to Cote d'Or (northern continental)
- Warmer than Cote d'Or with higher altitude |
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Chunky, pricey reds with a high reputation
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Mercurey AC (Cote Chalonnaise)
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Cote Chalonnaise AC mainly pro ducting light easy reds
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Givry AC
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Givry AC
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Cote Chalonnaise AC mainly pro ducting light easy reds (Pinot Noir only)
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Montagny AC
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- Cote Chalonnaise white only AC (Chardonnay only)
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Cote Chalonnaise white only AC
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Montagny AC
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Maconnaise soils
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limestone
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Factor protecting much of Burgundy from higher rain fall
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Massif Central
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Burgundy climate
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- Northern continental
- Severe winters, short warm summers - relatively low annual rainfall but often at vintage causing grey rot - Spring frost and summer hail a problem (especially in Chablis) |
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Maconnaise grape plantings
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- 70% Chardonnay
- 30% red is mainly gamay |
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Maconnaise trade structure
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Large co-ops are important
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Macon AC vs Macon Superior AC
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Superior requires 0.5% extra potential alcohol
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Wine style of Macon AC (note)
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- crisp acidity
- citrus and apple characters - creaminess from Malo |
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Macon Villages & Macon named villages
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- White only
- 43 villages - More ripeness and body than Macon AC - Good value for money - Wine from one or a combination of villages |
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2 important Macon villages
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- Lugny
- Vire more ripeness and body than Macon ac |
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Pouilly-Fuisse
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- White wine only AC in Macon
- Natural amphitheatre sun traps |
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Pouilly-Fuisse wine style
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- Full bodied white, ripe, peach, melon, nutty and buttery from barrel aging
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Full bodied white, ripe, peach, melon, nutty and buttery from barrel aging
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Pouilly-Fuisse wine style
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Pouilly-fuisse soil
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limestone
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Pouilly-Fuisse villages with their own appellations
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- Vire-Clesse AC
- Pouilly-Vinzelles AC - Pouilly-Loche AC - Saint-Veran AC |
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Burgundy winters
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Severe
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Burgundy summers
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Short and warm
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Soil factors in Burgundy
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- Slope steepness
- Slope direction - depth - drainage - heat retention - mineral content |
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Main Burgundy soil for Chardonnay
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Calcareous clay
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Main Burgundy soil for Pinot Noir
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Limestone and marl
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Best Burgundy site
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- mid slope
- shallow soil forces roots to penetrate limestone base and acts as suntrap |
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Burgundy planting density
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Dense, up to 12,000 inter per hectare
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Burgundy trellising
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Guyot system training on low wires
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Burgundy pest and disease threats
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- Red spider mite
- fanleaf virus (Chardonnay is prone) - grey rot (Pinot Noir) - |
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Burgundy cellars
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usually heated to prevent stuck ferments
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Burgundy red fermentation
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Common techniques:
- cold soaking before ferment - punching down or pumping over in open topped fermenters - destemming common not universal - 16 - 18 months in oak - Only a proportion of new oak used |
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Cote d'or common red vilification technique
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Cold soaking before fermentation
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Cote d'Or and Cote Chalonnaise reds fermentation technique
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Punching down or pumping over in open topped fermenters.
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Burgundy red destemming
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- Total destemming common
- Some use partial stem inclusion during fermentation to provide tannins and aid draining through the cap. |
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Burgundy red barrel agieng
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16 to 18 months is common and only a proportion of the wine is aged in new oak
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Burgundy white winemaking
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- depends on style and region
- stainless steel or oak vessels - Malo encouraged if soft, creamy style is required - Barrel ageing may or may not occur |
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Viticulture in Beaujolais
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Freestanding gobelet gamay (some wire trellising in east and west)
mainly hand harvesting but machine permitted in some none cru sites |
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Beaujolais cru vinification
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A few producers in the crus use conventional vilification with some oak ageing, usually in large casks
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Semi carbonic maceration
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extracts colour and kirsch, raspberry, cinnamon, bubblegum and banana flavours with limited tannin
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Cru vineyard harvesting
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Must be manual
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Beaujolais vinification
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semi carbonic maceration is common
Skin contact varies by style |
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Beaujolais Cru soils
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Granitic schist
Gamay has an affinity with gamay |
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Beaujolais white
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Less than 1% of production
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Beaujolais gamay wines
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fruity with light tannins
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Southern Beaujolais soils
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Limestone
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Eastern Beaujolais soils
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Alluvial Saone river plains
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