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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Boycott:
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to abstain from buying or using products from certain countries: to boycott foreign products
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Cultural Ambassador:
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An ambassador is the highest ranking diplomat representing a nation in a foreign country. A person who is a champion of the arts and sports in a foreign country.
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Diplomatic Tool:
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Diplomacy is the chief instrument of foreign policy, and it can take many forms of interaction between nations. Government use sporting events as diplomatic tools.
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Goodwill Mission:
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Goodwill is a good relationship, as of a business with its customers or a nation with other nations.
Mission is A permanent diplomatic office abroad. A body of experts or dignitaries sent to a foreign country |
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Globalization:
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The term can refers to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, sports, or popular culture. Interlinking economy.
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Black September”:
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Palestinian terrorist group
•at the 1970 Olympics, group killed an Israeli coach and took nine other Israeli athletes’ hostage in the Olympic village. |
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Jimmy Carter:
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The 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981
Example of sports closing doors Supported the US boycott of the 1980 Olympics after the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. US officials were concerned that Soviets were trying to expand their influence in South Asia and the Middle East |
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Henry Kissinger:
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In the Nixon administration, as Secretary of State.
• was the go-between in the secret negotiations that eventually opened relations between the U.S. and communist China. |
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Richard Nixon
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• The 37th President of the United States from 1969–1974 Developed relationship with China.
• In July 1971, Kissinger traveled secretly to China to meet with Premier Zhou En-lai. In February 1972, Nixon became the first American president to visit Communist China. He and Kissinger met with Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong. |
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Harry Truman
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• The 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953).
• Truman tried to stop communism from spreading to Western Europe and the rest of the free world through programs like the Marshall Plan. • Sports soon became another way for the superpowers to compete in the Cold War—a way for each side to win victories without resorting to military force. |
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Cyrus Vance
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• Secretary of State under U.S. president Jimmy Carter
• Carter then decided that American athletes should not participate. Secretary of State met with the U.S. Olympic Committee to convince nations to boycott the Olympics, which was going to be held in the Soviet Union. |
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Zhou En-lai, Hera:
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• First Premier of the People's Republic of China, Advocating peaceful coexistence with the West, he participated in the 1954 Geneva Conference and helped orchestrate Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China
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Adolf Hitler
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• Leader of Nazi Germany
• In 1936, Hitler’s government hosted the summer Olympics in Berlin. • He tried to use the games to improve the Nazi image and temporarily eased restrictions on Jews. • Tried to prove that Aryan athletes were the best. • Jesse Ownens undermined his theories of racial superioity • Invaded Poland, which was the beginning of World War II and the Holocaust. |
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Nelson Mandela:
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• was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of the African National Congress
• Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990, supported reconciliation and negotiation, and helped lead the transition towards multi-racial democracy in South Africa. |
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Joseph Stalin:
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Soviet Leader
• After World War II, imposed communist regimes on most of Eastern Europe • Tried to match US military strength |
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Mao Zedong:
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• was the world's most prominent Chinese communist during the 20th century.
• Met with then President Nixon and Kissinger |
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Muhammad Ali,
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• American boxer.
• World Heavyweight Boxing championship three times, and won Olympic gold medal. • US asked him to talk to African nations to support the boycott of the 1980 Olympics. |
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Arthur Ashe:
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• Tennis star and the first black man to win the U.S. Open and Wimbledon.
• Broke through racial barriers in the United States and opposed Apartheid in South Africa. • Called for South Africa to be expelled from international tennis organization and appealed to the United Nations • Became the first black professional to play in the South African tennis championship. |
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Moe Berg:
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• A masterful baseball catcher, fluent in nine languages, an Ivy League scholar, an attorney, and a secret agent.
• Using baseball as a cover, this player made significant intelligence contributions to the United States. |
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Baron Pierre de Coubertin:
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• Founder of the International Olympic Committee
--Father of the modern Olympic Games. |
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Harlem Globetrotters
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• A basketball team of mainly black athletes
• After the 1952 Olympics, the U.S. asked them to play in Allied-occupied Berlin. • The Globetrotters became known “ambassadors” and played in more than 115 countries. Named Henry Kissinger as their first “honorary member.” |
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Olga Korbut,
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• Soviet gymnast.
• In the 1972 Olympic Games she won four medals • Met with President Nixon on a goodwill tour. |
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Al Michaels
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• American television sportscaster.
• Best known for his broadcast of the Miracle on Ice, where he said, "Do you believe in miracles? YES!" The US defeated the Soviet hockey team |
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Jesse Owens:
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•American track and field athlete. Ran in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany, where he won four gold medals
• Won four medals. • He joined Wilma Rudolph, and Mal Whitfield on goodwill missions overseas. |
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Wilma Rudolph:
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• Athlete, Olympic track and field champion.
• Was the first American woman to win three gold medals in track and field events at the Olympics. • Joined Jesse Owens and Mal Whitfield on goodwill missions overseas. |
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Babe Ruth
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• American Major baseball League player.
• Member of the traveling baseball team during the war years with Moe Berg |
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Mal Whitfield
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• Track star and won three medals in the Olympics
• Was called Marvelous Mal. --Worked with the government to train coaches around the world |
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Bernie Williams
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• Famous major league baseball player (played outfielder position) where he played for the Yankees
• In 2005 visited Bogotá, Columbia as a cultural ambassador |
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When did the ancient Greeks start holding Olympic Games? What events and ceremonies went on during the games? What political truces and activities went on during the games? Why did Roman Emperor Theodosius I ban the games around 394 BCE.?
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--776 BCE
chariot races, wrestling, races --truce from conflict/war every four years --associated Olympics with pagan worship. Disliked pagans. |
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2. Why did French Baron Pierre de Coubertin revive the Olympic games? When did women first compete in the Olympic Games? Why were the Olympics temporarily halted in 1916?
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• In 1896, French Baron Pierre de Coubertin revived the Olympic games to promote friendship and peaceful competition among nations.
• Women started completing in the Olympic games in 1900 in Paris. • Games were halted because of World War I. |
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How were baseball and the Olympics politicized during the 1930s?
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Mo Berg secretly filmed Tokyo’s military and industrial facilities for the American Government.
--Hitler used games to improve the image of the Nazi regime. |
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4. Immediately after WW II, how did the Soviets use sports to promote nationalism and Communism? What were some of the ways the U.S. responded to the Soviets use of sports for propaganda purposes?
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• The Soviets used group sports to promote their nationalism and Communism
-- United States increased its support of U.S. Olympic teams and used athletes as unofficial diplomats to promote goodwill abroad. |
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What was U.S.’s political relationship with Communist China during the 1950s and 1960s?
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US political relationship with Communist China Sports was not good.
--United States supported the Nationalist China in Taiwan, and not Chinese government |
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What was “ping-pong diplomacy,” and how effective was it?
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--April 1971, in a public step towards improving relations, the Chinese Government invited the American table tennis team to tour China, where ping-pong was a very popular sport.
The team accepted the offer, and the visit became known as “ping-pong diplomacy.” |
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How effective was “wrestling diplomacy” with Iran in 1998?
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In 1998, the Iranian Government invited an American wrestling team to visit Iran. Relations between two countries
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Why did the U.S. boycott the 1980 Summer Olympics?
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--The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. In retaliation, the United States boycotted the1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
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Why did the Soviets boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics?
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-- In retaliation for the U.S.-led boycott of the Moscow Games, the Soviets boycotted the 1984 summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California.
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Why do you think the Soviets did not boycott the 1980 Winter Olympics?
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--The Soviets considered pulling out of the 1980 winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York,
--Decided to participate to demonstrate their athletic superiority |
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How did sports help draw attention to the deplorable Apartheid conditions in South Africa?
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--Apartheid restricted the rights of South African blacks and discriminated against them. Black South Africans could not compete with White South Africans.
--international protests and demonstrations against Apartheid |
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8. Sports can also create diplomatic problems. What happened in 1969 between El Salvador and Honduras?
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--Soccer matches between the two countries’ national teams ended in violence among spectators.
--Leaders of both countries used the incidents as a pretext for a short and bloody war. |
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What happened at the 1972 Summer Olympic games in Munich?
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In 1972, at the summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, the Palestinian terrorist group “Black September” killed an Israeli athlete and a coach, and took nine other Israeli athletes’ hostage in the Olympic village.
--Four more died in rescue attempt that failed. |
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How has Major League Baseball helped other countries?
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• In 2005, New York Yankees outfielder Bernie Williams visited Bogotá, Colombia, as a cultural ambassador.
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How has the National Football League helped other countries?
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After a devastating tsunami in Asia in December 2004, the National Football League supported efforts to help tsunami victims.
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How many teams competed in the 2006 World Cup, and how many attempted to qualify?
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--32 teams completed
--198 national teams competed over two years in order to qualify. |
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2. How many media outlets covered the 2006 World Cup, and how many watched at least one match? How many watched the World Cup Final?
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--15,000 media outlets covered the World Cup
--32 million viewers over the course of the tournament watched the World Cup game of 2006 |
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Why did Kofi Annan say that soccer maybe the only sport that is truly global?
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• Sec. General Kofi Annan meant that the sport has global significance and people all over the world are now playing and watching soccer. It is truly a global sport.
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What was the Bosman decision?
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The court ruled that the football league was in violation of the Treaty of Rome, which allowed for the free movement of labor within Europe. Therefore when a player’s contract expired, he could play for any team
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How did ithe Bosman decision change international sports?
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Once a player's contract expired, he could go whereever he chose, without having to pay a transfer fee.
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What is the “internationalization” of football?
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There has been improved quality of national teams because players can choose where they want to play. They can help
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Why did leisure sports activities become so popular in the early 20th century?
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The industrial revoluntion changed the way products were manufacturered. People had more leisure time to do things like take vacation, read, and watch sports
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Why did leisure sports activities become so popular in the early 20th century? Other than sports, what are types of leisure activities became popular internationally?
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Leisure sports changed due to new technologies, social revolution and the blending of sports and entertainment.
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Other than sports, what are types of leisure activities became popular internationally?
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Car racing, film technology (movies), television, radio, access to music
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2. Why did Western sports and leisure activities become so popular worldwide (which sports became popular)?
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There was a rise in spectatorship or spectator sports with new communications technologies, such as radio, television and newspapers. Sports like rugby, crickey, soccer, football, basketball, and tennis became popular sports.
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How did the professionalization of sports help spread their popularity worldwide?
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Because of television and cable networks, more people followed professional sports like soccer, cricket, rugby, football, basketball, and tennis.
Sports became very popular. |
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3. Did sports and leisure activities make the world more similar, or did significant differences still exist?
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Significant differences still exist across civilizations. An example is Indian film industry, which is one of the largest industry in the world, yet only appeals to Indians. They have not imported western themes or ideas.
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Why did Franklin Foer decide to write this book?
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He was an awful soccer player, but he loved the sport. He said that someone needed to write a book about the globalization of soccer and travel around the world and attend soccer matchers.
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What technology and media changes made it easier for him to write this book?
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Technology changes: the internet, cable channels (like Fox Sports World), better communications in the press about globalization and the integration of world markets.
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What were some of the ways Foer could see globalization on the soccer field/pitch?
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He saw globalization on the pitch with national identifies swept away: Basque teams (Spanish) under Welsh coaches with Turkish and Dutch soccer players.
Moldavian teams imported Nigerian players |
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Was soccer globalization helping or hurting local cultures?
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It was hurting local cultures
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How was globalization changing the game?
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Soccer failed to diminish local cultures, but increased local entities. However, some nations remain poor although they invested heavily in sports teams. Soccer was the only place, for example, the Basque people could express their cultural pride without getting arrested.
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