Bulk Omm Memorization

Front 1

The ligament that extends from the sides of the dens to lateral margins of foramen magnum

Back 1

Alar

Front 2

resolve _____ dysfunction before treating Chapman’s Reflex points

Back 2

pelvic

Front 3

Attaches the atlas to the lateral masses of C1 to hold the dens in place

Back 3

Transverse

Front 4

What does TART stand for?

Back 4

Tissue Texture Changes
Assymmetry
Restriction
Tenderness

Front 5

Name tow diseases that weaken the AA ligaments and cause subluxation

Back 5

RA
Down's syndrome

Front 6

The “gangliaform contractions” represent ______ _____ reflexes.

Back 6

Neurolymphatic Viscerosomatic

Front 7

The articulation of the superior uncinate process and the superadjacent vertebrae is

Back 7

Joints of Lushka

Front 8

What is an anatomic barrier?

Back 8

a point in which a Dr can passively move any given joint; any movement beyond this barrier will cause ligament, tendon, or skeletal injury

Front 9

_________ are superior lateral projections originating from the posterior lateral rim of the vertebral bodies of C3-C7

Back 9

Uncinate Processes

Front 10

In current clinical practice, Chapman’s points are used more for diagnosis than for ______.

Back 10

treatment

Front 11

These joints play an important role in cervical sidebending

Back 11

Joints of Lushka

Front 12

What is a restrictive (pathological) barrier?

Back 12

This barrier lies before the physiological barrier and prevents full range of motion of that joint

Front 13

Degeneration or hypertrophy changes in the Joints of Luschka can lead to

Back 13

foraminal stenosis and nerve root compression

Front 14

Describe the tissue findings in acute somatic dysfunction

Back 14

edematous, erthymatous, boggy with increased moisture; muscles are hypertonic

Front 15

The most common cause of cervical nerve root pressure is degeneration of _______ plus _______

Back 15

Joints of Luschka plus hypertrophic arthritis

Front 16

Chapman’s Points are found deep in the subcutaneous tissues, lying on the deep muscular fascia or __________.

Back 16

periosteum

Front 17

Describe the tissue changes in chronic somatic dysfunction

Back 17

decreased or no edema, no erythema, cool dry skin, with slight tension; decreased muscle tone, flaccid, ropy, fibrotic

Front 18

Contrast the assymmetry, restriction, and tenderness changes in acute vs/ chronic somatic dysfunction

Back 18

Acute: assymmetry is present, restriction is present and there is pain with movement; severe/sharp
Chronic: assymmetry is present with compensation in other areas of the body; there is restriction with decreased or no pain; dull, achy, burning

Front 19

Describe the nodules of Champman's points

Back 19

Small
Smooth
Firm
Discretely Palpable or Grouped in Irregular Patches
Approximately 2 to 3 mm in diameter when found alone

Front 20

If AA is rotated right that means that ____ is rotated on _____

Back 20

C1 is rotated right on C2

Front 21

What is Fryette Law 1?

Fryette law 2?

Back 21

Neutral position, sidebending and rotation occur in opposite directions
(One=Opposite)

Non-neutral, flexed or extended, rotation and sidebending occur in the same directions
(Two=Together)

Front 22

What is the orientation for the superior facets for the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions?

Back 22

Cervical: backward, upward, medial (BUM)
Thoracic: backward, upward, lateral (BUL)
Lumbar: backward, medial (BM)

Front 23

What is the main motion of the OA segment?

Back 23

flexion and extension; SB and rotation occur to opposite sides

Front 24

For OA motion testing, a right deep sulcus indicates

Back 24

left sidebending, which indicates right rotation

B/C sidebending and rotation are opposite in OA

Front 25

What is the main motion of the AA segment?

Back 25

Rotation, with SB to the opposite side

Front 26

In OA translation motion testing, right translation will =

Back 26

Force is from left to right= Left sidebending ie Karate chop

Front 27

What is the main motion of C2-C4?

C5 - C7

Back 27

Roation, with SB to the same side

Sidebending, with rotation to the same side

Front 28

What is the main motion of the thoracic spine?

Lumbar spine?

Back 28

ROTATION

Flexion and Extension

Front 29

C2-C7 translation motion testing is similar to occiput except that you place your fingers on

Back 29

Lateral border of articular pillar

Front 30

What is the Rule of 3's mean?

Back 30

A useful way to refer to ID the transverse processes of the thoracic vertebra
T1-T3: SP is located at the same level as the TP
T4-T6: SP are located 1/2 segment below the TP
T7-T9: SP are one segment below the TP
T10-SP is one segment below
T11-SP is 1/2 segment below
T12-SP is even with TP

Front 31

C2-C7 rotational motion testing, you place your fingers over _________. Then rotate the head left and right checking for

Back 31

Posterior surface of the articular pillars
Freedom of Resistance

Front 32

Which ribs are considered "atypical" ribs?

True ribs?

Floating rib?

False Fib

Back 32

rib 1, 2, 11, 12 (sometimes 10); REMEBER: atypical ribs have #1 and #2 in them

Ribs 1-7; attach to the sternum through costal cartilages

Ribs 8-10; do not attach directly to the sternum; attach via costal cartilage to the cartilage of the superior rib

Ribs 11-12; remain unattached anteriorly

Front 33

An acute injury to the cervical spine is best treated with

Back 33

Indirect Fascial Treatment or
Counter Strain

Front 34

What are the 3 classifications of rib movement?

Back 34

1. Pump handle: upper ribs 1-5
2. Bucket handle: middle ribs 6-10
3. Caliper motion: Ribs 11-12

Front 35

Where is the location of pain in cervical foraminal stenosis?

Back 35

Pain radiates into the upper extremity

Front 36

What is an Inhalation rib dysfunction mean?

Exhalation rib dysfunction?

Back 36

The dysfunctional rib will move cephalad during inhation, but will not move caudad during exhalation; rib appears to be "held up"

The dysfunctional rib movs caudad during exhalation, but does not move cephalad during inhalation; rib appears to be "held down"

Front 37

What is the quality of pain for Foraminal stenosis?

Back 37

Dull ache, shooting pain or paresthsias

Front 38

Pain on Palpation of Chapman's points

Back 38

Pinpoint
Located Under the Palpating Finger
Non-radiating
Sharp
Exquisitely Distressing

Front 39

What are the signs and symptoms of Cervical Stenosis?

Back 39

Positive Spurling's Test=Increased neck pain with Extension
Paraspinal muscle spasm
Tenderpoints

Front 40

What is the "key" rib in an inhalation vs. exhalation dysfunction?

Back 40

Inhalation: key rib is the lowest rib of the dysfunction
Exhalation: key rib is the uppermost rib of the dysfunction

Front 41

What is the radiologically finding for cervical foraminal stenosis? AP view?
Oblique?

Back 41

Osteophytes formation on AP and Lateral views
Oblique view shows narrowing of intervertebral foramina

Front 42

Name the muscles included in the Erector Spinae group:

Back 42

"SILO"
Spinalis, Iliocostalis, LOngissimus

Front 43

What OMT treatment should be used for Cervical Foraminal Stenosis?

Back 43

ME
FPR, Myofascial release, counterstrain

Front 44

What does Spina bifida mean?

Back 44

a developmental anomaly where there is a defect in the closure of the lamina of the vertebral segment; usually occurs in the lumbar spine

Front 45

What are the 3 types of spina bifida?

Back 45

1. Spina bifida occulta: no herniation thru the defect; patch of hair over site; rarely has neuro deficits
2. Spina bifida meningocele: herniation of meninges thru the defect
3. Spina bifida menigmyelocele: herniation of meninges and nerve roots thru the defect; neuro deficits

Front 46

What is a flexion contracture of the iliopsoas associated with?

Back 46

associated with a non-neutral dysfunction of L1 and L2

Front 47

What does Spondylosis refer to?

Spondylolysis?

spondylolisthesis?

Back 47

A radiographic term for degenerative changes within the intervertbral disc and ankylosing of adjacent vertebral bodies

A defect in the pars interarticularis without anterior displacement of the vertebral body; oblique radiographic views show it as a "collar" on a scotty dog

anterior displacement of one vertebra in relation to the one below it; often occurs at L4-L5

Front 48

How do you name the curves for scoliosis, if it sidebends left vs. if is sidebends to the right?

Back 48

Curve that is SB to left with scoliosis to the right= Dextroscoliosis
Curve that is SB to the right with scoliosis to the left= Levoscoliosis

Front 49

What is significant about the sacrospinous ligament?

Back 49

It divides the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Front 50

What are the four types of sacral motion?

Back 50

"DRIP"
1. Dynamic: motion that occurs during ambulation
2. Respiratory: motion occurs about the superior transverse axis of the sacrum
3. Inherent: same as respiratory; during craniosacral extension the sacrum nutates ("nods forward) and during flexion the sacrum rotates posteriorly ("counter-nutates)
4. Postural: motion occurs about the middel transverse axis of the sacrum

Front 51

What are the rules of L5 on the sacrum?

Back 51

1. if L5 is SB, a sacral oblique axis is engaged on the same side as the SB
2. if L5 is rotated, the sacrum rotates opposite on an oblique axis
3. seated flexion tests is found on the opposite side of the oblique axis

Front 52

What is a common dysfuntion in the post partum patient due to birth mechanics?

Back 52

bilateral sacral flexion

Front 53

How long do you manipulate a Chapman's reflex point?

Back 53

Continue this for 10 to 30 seconds

Front 54

The sternal angle attaches _____ rib and is at level _____

Back 54

Rib 2 and Level T4

Front 55

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

Back 55

"SITS"
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

Front 56

How do you remember the brachial plexus?

Back 56

Roots exit spinal cord to form
Trunks which form
Divisions which form
Cords which form
Branches

Front 57

The motions of the thoracic spine in order

Back 57

Rotation> Sidebending> Flexion and Extension

Front 58

What is the most common type of brachial plexus injury?

Back 58

Erb- Duchenne Palsy: Upper arm paralysis caused by injury to C5 and C6 nerve roots usually during childbirth ("waiter's tip")

Front 59

Name the Carpal bones, starting with the proximal row on the radial side:

Back 59

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

Front 60

What attaches to the Distal Interphalangeal joints (DIP)?

Back 60

Deep Finger Flexors (flexor digitorum profundus)

Front 61

Describe the movment of the ulna and wrist if the carrying angle is increased? decreased?

Back 61

Increased: ulna is ABducted, wrist ADduction
Decreased: Ulna is ADDucted and wrist is ABducted

Front 62

What are the 3 movement components of Pronation of the ankle?

Supination of the ankle?

Back 62

dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction

plantarflexion, inversion, adduction

Front 63

What makes up O'Donahue's Triad? (terrible triad)

Back 63

injury to ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus

Front 64

In what position is the ankle most stable?

Back 64

Dorsiflexion

Front 65

NAme the landmarks of a typical rib

Back 65

Tubercle
HEad
Neck
Angle
Shaft

Front 66

What is the most commonly injured ligament in the foot?

Back 66

Anterior TaloFibular ligament
("Always Tears First")

Front 67

What are the components (5) of the Primary Respiratory Mechanism (PRM)?

Back 67

CNS, CSF, Dural membranes, Cranial bones, Sacrum

Front 68

The dura projects caudally down the spinal canal and has firm attachments to what 4 things?

Back 68

Foramen Magnum, C2, C3, S2

Front 69

What are the four components constituting a Craniosacral Flexion?

Back 69

1. Flexion of Midline bones
2. Sacral Base Posterior
3. Decreased AP diameter of cranium
4. Ext Rotation of paired bones

Front 70

What are the four components constituting Craniosacral extension?

Back 70

1. extension of midline bones
2. sacral base is anterior
3. increased AP diameter of the cranium
4. Int Rotation of paired bones

Front 71

What does a compression strain of the SBS result in?

Back 71

A severely decreased C.R.I and is usually due to trauma, especially to the back of the head

Front 72

Vagal Somatic dysfunction can be due to what?

Back 72

Due to OA, AA, and/or C2 dysfunction

Front 73

CV4: Bulb decompression will do what to the C.R.I?

Back 73

It will increase it

Front 74

SNS: organ and corresponding nerve levels
1. Head and neck
2. Heart
3. Resp system

Back 74

1. T1-T4
2. T1-T5
3. T2-T7

Front 75

SNS: organ and corresponding nerve levels
1. Esophagus
2. Upper GI tract (stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, parts of pancreas and duodenum)

Back 75

1. T2-T8
2. T5-T9

Front 76

SNS: Organs and corresponding nerve levels:
1. Middle GI tract (portons of pancreas/duodenum, jejunum, ileum, ascending colon, prox 2/3 of transverse colon)
2. Lower GI tract (distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending, sigmoid colon, rectum)

Back 76

1. T10-T11
2. T12-L2

Front 77

Condylar Compression causes what in newborns?

Back 77

suckling difficulties

Front 78

What refers pain when pressed-Trigger points or tender points?

Back 78

Trigger points refer pain when pressed, not tender points

Front 79

Where is the tenderpoint for L5 located?

Back 79

Located 1cm lateral to the pubic symphysis on the superior ramus

Front 80

What is a memory tool to help you remember the patient position for forward and backward sacral torsions?

Back 80

Forward torsions= patient lies Face down
Backward torsions= patient lies on their back

Front 81

Anterior narrowing of intercostal space above dysfunctional rib

Back 81

Inhalation

Front 82

What are the absolute contraindications for HVLA?

Back 82

Osteoporosis, Osteomyelitis (including Potts Dz), fractures in area of thrust, Bone mets, Severe RA, Downs syndrome

Front 83

Superior edge of posterior rib is prominent

Back 83

Inhalation dys

Front 84

What are the relative contraindications for HVLA?

Back 84

Acute whiplash, Preggers, Post-Surgical conditions, herniated nucleus pulposus, pts on anti-coag therapy or hemophiliacs, vertebral artery ischemia

Front 85

Chapman point: Stomach acid point

stomach peristalsis point

liver point

liver, GB point

Back 85

left 5th rib space

left 6th rib space

right 5th rib space

right 6th rib space

Front 86

Motion of occipital condyles on atlas C1

C1 on C2

Back 86

OA

AA

Front 87

Erector spinae group acronym

Back 87

I Like Spagetti
Ilocostalis
Longisssimus
Spinalis

Front 88

What are the typical ribs

Atypical ribs

Back 88

3-10

1,2,11,12 sometimes 10

Front 89

Why is Rib 1 atypical?

Rib 2?

Ribs 11 and 12?

Back 89

Articulates only with T1 and no angle

A large tuberosity on the shaft for serratus anterior

Articulate only with vertebrae and lack tubercles

Front 90

What are the true ribs?

False ribs?

Floating ribs?

Back 90

Ribs 1-7, attach to the sternum

Ribs 8-12, do not attach directly to sternum

Ribs 11, 12

Front 91

Anterior narrowing of intercostal space above dysfunctional rib

Back 91

Inhalation

Front 92

The intervertebral disc level at the level of iliac crest

Back 92

L4-L5

Front 93

T10 dermatome at umbilicus which is anterior to ________disc

Back 93

L3 and L4

Front 94

A bony deformity where one or both of the transverse processes of L5 articulate with sacrum

Failure of fusion of S1 with other sacral

Back 94

Sacralization

Lumbarization

Front 95

A developmental anomaly with a defect in the closure of lamina of vertebral segment

Back 95

Spina Bifida

Front 96

Herniation of the meninges and the nerve thru the defect. Assoc. w/ neurological deficits.

Back 96

Spina bifida meningomyelocele

Front 97

What is the alignment of the facets the major motion of the lumbar spine is F/E

Back 97

Backward and medial for the superior

Front 98

The lumbosacral angle is formed by the intersection of

Back 98

Horizontal line
Line of inclination of the sacrum

Front 99

Due to narrowing of the ________ postriolateral herniation of intervertebral disc a common problem

Back 99

longitudinal ligament

Front 100

Psoas syndrome organic causes

Back 100

1. Appendicitis
2. Sigmoid colon dysfunction
3. Ureteral calculi
4. Ureter dysfunction
5. Metastatic carcinoma of the prostate
6. Salpingitis

Front 101

Increased pain when standing or walking, + Thomas test, tenderpoint medial to ASIS, nonneutral L1 or L2, + pelvic shift test to the contralateral

Back 101

Psoas Syndrome

Front 102

A flexion contracture of iliopsoas is often associated with a

Back 102

Nonneutral dysfunction L1 or L2

Front 103

A defect of pars interarticularis w/o anterior displacement of the vertebral body. And what would it look like with a oblique x-ray?

Back 103

Spondylolysis

Scotty dog with a collar

Front 104

what does a Spondylolisthesis look like on x-ray? What is the most often site for it? What causes it? How do you grade it?

Back 104

Anterior displacement of one vertebrae in relation to the one below

L4/L5
Fatigue fractures in pars interarticularis

Grade 1= 0-25%
Grade 2= 25-50
Grade 3= 50-75
Grade 4 = >75

Front 105

What is the Tx for Spondylolisthesis?

Back 105

Reduce lumbar lordosis
No HVLA

Front 106

Curve that is sidebent left = ____scoliosis

Curve that is sidebent right = ____scoliosis

Back 106

Right scoliosis=dextroscoliosis

Left scoliosis= levoscoliosis

Front 107

Cobb angle

Back 107

X-ray films:
1. draw horizontal lines from the vertebrae involved
2. Draw perpendicular lines from these horizontal line and measure the acute angle

Front 108

Mild scoliosis, moderate, and severe =

Back 108

5-15

20 - 45

>50

Front 109

Respiratory function is compromised if scoliosis curve is greater than

CV function is compromised if thoracic curve is greater

Back 109

50

75

Front 110

Most common cause of scoliosis

Back 110

Idiopathic

Front 111

Konstancin exercises

Back 111

Tx for Mild Scoliosis
A series of exercise that improve scoliotic curve

Front 112

Tx for Moderate Scoliosis

Severe?

Back 112

OMT, Konstancin, and PT + spinal orthotic

Surgery

Front 113

Most common cause of short leg syndrome?

A short keg syndrome results in

Back 113

Hip replacement

Sacral base unleveling
Vertebral sidebending and rotation
Innominate rotation

Front 114

What is the Tx for short leg syndrome?

Back 114

OMT directed toward the spine and lower extremity, if leg length still exist get a standing X-ray and consider a heel lift if femoral head diff is >5mm

Front 115

Shoulder muscle: Abduction of Arm

External rotation

Internal rotation

Back 115

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus
Teres Minor

Subscapularis

Front 116

Primary flexor of shoulder/arm

Abductor

Extensors

adductors

External rotaters

Back 116

Deltoid( Anterior Portion)

Deltoid middle portion

Latissimus dorsi, Teres Major, Deltoid

Pectoralis major, latissimus Dorsi

Infraspinatus, Teres Minor

Front 117

Most common dys of SC joint

Back 117

Clavicle, anterior and superior on sternum

Front 118

What three ligs. stabilize the AC joint?

Back 118

AC ligament
Coracoacromial lig
Coracoclavicular lig

Front 119

The most common somatic dys at the AC joint

Back 119

Clavicle, superior and lateral on the acromion

Front 120

Compression can occur at what three places in TOS?

Back 120

1. Tween anterior and middle scalenes
2. Tween clavicle and first rib
3. Tween pectoralis minor and upper ribs

Front 121

______ ligament divides the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Back 121

Sacrospinous ligament

Front 122

Umbilicus landmark is

Back 122

L3-L4

Front 123

What are the common weakened muscles in TOS?

Back 123

Serratus Anterior
Middle Trapezius/Rhomboids
Lower Trap

Front 124

Decreased ROM that consistently gets worse over one year.
Extension is preserved

Back 124

Frozen shoulder

Front 125

Internal rotation and adduction limited with

Back 125

Tight Anterior CApsule: Apply's Scratch Test

Front 126

Tendetpoint lies along the superior angle of the scapula

Back 126

Levator scapula

Front 127

Group of muscles associated with type II mechanincs

Back 127

Rotatores

Front 128

Direct HVLA for Abduction Lesion

Back 128

Apply traction and carry wrist into ABDUCTION
Apply HVLA in ADDUCTION

Front 129

Anterior Cervical Fasica:Engage the scalenes with

Back 129

Medial and Inferior Pressure

Front 130

Teres Minor technique Tx

Back 130

Contact the Teres Minor and carry it superiorly, medially, and slightly anteriorly

Front 131

Coracobrachialis Tx Anterior technique

Back 131

Engage anterior shoulder and direct posterior and slightly medial