Building Construction Exam 1

Front 1

Angle of Repose

Back 1

The maximum angle of a soil before it starts to slide.

Front 2

Benched Excavation

Back 2

A method of excavation support that builds up tiers that are compacted every so many feet

Front 3

Bioremediation

Back 3

a waste management technique that uses organisms to remove or neutralize pollutants from a contaminated site.

Front 4

Blow Count

Back 4

provides an indication of the density of the ground

used in many geotechnical formulae

uses last 2 blow counts in the standard penetration test

Front 5

Boring Log

Back 5

A report on the types of soil found during drilling of a site

includes standard penetration test, soil description, and depth of soil

Front 6

Boulders

Back 6

Rock larger than 12 inches

Front 7

Brownfield

Back 7

land previously used for industrial purposes or commercial uses

the land may be contaminated by low concentrations of hazardous waste or pollution

must be cleaned up before used

Front 8

Building Footprint

Back 8

The area on a project site used by the building structure, defined by the perimeter

does not include parking lots, landscapes, etc.

Front 9

Clamshell Bucket

Back 9

A type of excavation bucket used in making slurry walls

Front 10

Clay

Back 10

A fine soil with platelike structure which holds the particles to each other and attracts water as well

EXPANSIVE

Front 11

Coarse Grained Soil (Granular)

Back 11

Boulders, Cobbles, Gravel, Sand

Soils with an angular or rounded shape from weathering,

range from above 12 inches down to the number 200 sieve.

Front 12

Cobbles

Back 12

Type of soil sized from 3 inches to 12 inches

Front 13

Cohesion

Back 13

property that causes the soil to stick together

Front 14

Cohesion Soil

Back 14

Clay is a cohesive soil

Front 15

Cross-lot Bracing

Back 15

A type bracing used to support different types of sheeting across a site.

Large beams welded to the sheeting are placed on the ground and placed farther down or across as needed

Front 16

Diaphragm Wall

Back 16

concrete wall constructed in the ground using Slurry wall technique

Front 17

Fine Grained Soil

Back 17

silts and clays

mostly soils that pass through the #200 sieve.

Front 18

Fire Rating

Back 18

The ability of a building assembly to endure fire measured in hours or minutes of time and determined from standardized full-scale tests

Front 19

Floor Area Ratio (zoning)

Back 19

The ratio between total floor area of the building to the total area of the site

Front 20

Gravel

Back 20

A coarse grained soil that ranges from

Coarse 3 inches to 3/4"

Fine 3/4" to #4 sieve

Front 21

Greywater

Back 21

wastewater generated from hand wash basins, showers, and baths

can be recycled on site for uses as toilet flushing, landscape irrigation, and constructed wetlands

Front 22

Grout

Back 22

A high-slump (semi liquid) mortar that flows well enough to be placed or pumped between the voids in a masonry wall; a mortarlike, high strength cementitious material for filling space between steel base plate of a steel column and concrete footing

Front 23

Grubbing

Back 23

removal of trees, shrubs, stumps, and rubbish from

Front 24

Heel Block

Back 24

Holds rakers at correct angle to brace sheeting

Front 25

H-Pile

Back 25

H shaped beams driven into the ground in deep foundation footings

uses both friction and transfer of loads to the soil

Front 26

Lagging

Back 26

boards or concrete used from h piles to hold soil back

Front 27

Lift (compaction)

Back 27

when soil is placed in layers and compacted.

if not done this way, soil has chance to sink

Front 28

Loam

Back 28

a ferile soil of sand, silt, clay and possible organic materials

Front 29

Means of Egress

Back 29

The route by which one exits a building in case of a fire.

Front 30

Occupancy classification

Back 30

Classification based on type of occupancy which will change the type of construction required

Front 31

Plasticity

Back 31

the ability for soil to be molded in your hands and not be broken apart

Front 32

Phytoremediation

Back 32

the treatment of environmental problems through the use of plants that mitigate the problem without the need to excavate

Front 33

Raker

Back 33

type of soil support used that uses heelblocks to hold them at the right angle against sheeting

Front 34

Sand

Back 34

coarse grained soil that ranges from

#4 sieve all the way up to #200

Front 35

Setbacks (zoning)

Back 35

minimum distance from site perimeter, road, streets, from structure

Front 36

Sheet Piling

Back 36

Piles made of interlocking sheet steel driven into the ground to support masonry veneer

Front 37

Sheeting

Back 37

Sheet piles; a thin sheet material such as polyethylene sheet

Front 38

Shoring

Back 38

hydraulic propping system used for soil support

Front 39

Sieve

Back 39

an open top container with wire mesh bottom used for screening particles. they are used to analyze the size of particles

Front 40

Silt

Back 40

fine grained soil slightly larger than clay

very small granular shaped soil

Front 41

Slurry Wall (diaphragm)

Back 41

A method of construction a reinforced concrete basement wall by temporarily stabilizing the wall excavation with bentonite slurry and then pumping concrete into it. As the concrete is pumped, the slurry is displaced.

Front 42

Soil Profile

Back 42

vertical representation of soils from surface to parent rock

Front 43

Soldier Beam

Back 43

H-shapedsteel columns in pre-drilled holes 6-8 ft on center

later filled with lean concrete (allows for scraping as excavation continues.

Front 44

Split Spoon Sampling Spoon

Back 44

a method of retrieving soil during boring where a spoon grabs the soil against another half of a spoon

Front 45

Standard Penetration Number

Back 45

-Amt. of hits within 6 inches is recorded

-last 2 blow counts are recorded

-first is in disturbed soils

-when 50 hits wont penetrate, distance recorded

Front 46

Standard Penetration Test

Back 46

A test where a 140lb weight hits a post at 30 in.

Amt. of hits within 6 inches is recorded

last 2 blow counts are recorded

first is in disturbed soils

Front 47

Strut

Back 47

a rod forming part of a framework

designed to resist compression

Front 48

Substructure

Back 48

Below ground portion of a building; basement and foundation

Front 49

Superstructure

Back 49

Part of building that's above ground

Front 50

Test Pit

Back 50

technique for subsurface exporation

limited by depth of backhoe

Front 51

Tieback

Back 51

A fastener that connects an exterior cladding to the supporting frame to resist lateral loads

Front 52

Tremie

Back 52

8" to 10" steelpipe with hopper at top used to place concrete

Front 53

Trench Box (trench shield)

Back 53

steel box placed in trenches to resist caving

Front 54

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's)

Back 54

gasses emitted from certain solids or liquids

may have long or short term health effects

Front 55

USGBC

Back 55

U.S. Green Building council

created by builders, architect, etc

creators of LEED

Front 56

Water Table

Back 56

The level below ground where the water pressure due to the water in the soil equals the atmospheric pressure; the level below ground to which water will fill an excavation

Front 57

Whaler or Wale

Back 57

Horizontal member attached to wall to hold bracing

Front 58

Zoning Ordinance

Back 58

A document that describes regulations for the use of land in a particular jurisdiction

Front 59

Zoning Variance

Back 59

variation on zoning ordinance granted by the board of appeals

due to unjust regulations that cause undue hardship on owner