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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What effects does fire have on concrete |
Spalling.differing rates of thermal expansion .formation of high pressure steam. Splitting of aggregate |
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Effects of fire on steel x4 |
Size of structure . Load on structure. Temperature reached in steel members. Mechanical properties of steel |
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How much strength does steel loose at 600 degrees |
66% |
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How much strength remains in steel at 550 degrees |
50% |
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Glass. What will fail first frame or glass |
Frame |
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Factors that affect glass x4 |
Size,THICKNESS, frame type, over pressure due |
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Properties of building materials x3 |
Combistibility.flammability.surface spread of flame |
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Disadvantages of aluminum in fire |
Rapid loss of strength at 100-225 High expansion rates High thermal conductivity Low melting point 660 |
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Fire in buildings depends on what x5 |
Location. Intensity.duration.fire resistance.loading on structure |
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Two types of fire loading |
High and low |
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Fire spread and intensity are affected by |
Fire load.furnishings.roof coverings.wooden floors/ceilings.large open spaces |
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Signs of floor collapse |
Sagging cracking spongy feeling |
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Signs of roof collapse x5 |
Spongy.sagging.smoke and steam.visible heat damage.loose roofing materials. |
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Fire development in buildings affected by x2 |
Shape of building Amount of ventilation on area |
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Smoke x3 |
Causes.more casualties than fire Spread several floors away Distribution through air ducts .lifts.shafts .stairwells .service ducts and shafts |
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Signs of structural collapse x6 |
Displacement of steel and wooden pillars. Prolonged exposure of structural members. Cracking of brickwork. Unusual creaking and groaning noises . Burning away of structural members sagging floors and beams |
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Fire spread in domestic structures how |
Convection, radiation,direct burning,ember transfer |
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Features that will accelerate fire Spread x5 |
Walls without sardine and dwangs. No top plates fire travel to ceiling. Walls with scrim and wall paper linings . Holes in walls for services. Multiple false ceilings |
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How will fire Spread between structures and what is it influenced by x5 |
Radiation.direct burning. Ember transfer. Weather conditions. Intensity of fire. Distance between exposures |
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SANDWICH PANELS. Performance in fire.x4 |
Contributes to fire load.hidden fore spread. Rapid loss of strength during fire exposure. Huge volume of toxic smoke |
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Sandwich panels and hazards to ff |
HRR x2 of timber . 4x the amount of smoke than timber.reaches it's ignition temp more quickly than timber. Metal skins allows fire to spread rapidly |
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Signs of collapsex6 |
Falling pieces of motor brick concrete.cracks appearing in brick work concrete walls.movement in floor and roof. Concave floors. Walls not in alignment .unprotected steel |
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Parts of a roof |
Ridge. Purlins. Rafter.jack rafter. Hip rafter |
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Two types of fixed fire systems and what do they do |
Active . Detection.suppression.occupant warning.fire systems Passive.fire rated building techniques.signage eg warning and egress |
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5 types of detection systems |
Heat.smoke.flame.gaz.multi criteria |
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What is a wet , charged, dry risers |
Wet- wet that is pressurized Charged- filled but not under pressure Dry- no water at all |
