Building Construction 2016

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Process of restoring rundown or deteriorated properties

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Gentrification

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A buildings general shape or layout

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Configuration

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What is the primary factor for fire department operations?

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Access

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Structure or separate part of the fire ground to which the fire could spread

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Exposure

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Large uncontrollable fire covering considerable area and crossing natural fire barriers; usually involves buildings in more than one block. Forest fire considered also

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Conflagration

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Communication from building to building occurs by

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Convection and radiation

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The transfer of heat by the movement of liquids or gases , usually in an upward direction

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Convection

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Distance from the street line to the front of the building

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Setback

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The transfer of heat energy through space by electromagnetic waves

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Thermal radiation

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What are the 3 levels of exposure

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Light , Moderate, or Severe

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Failure to provide fire safety appropriate to the ultimate use of the building

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Design Deficiencies

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Building built without a tenant or occupant

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Spec building

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A body of law that determines the minimum standards that buildings must meet in interest of safety and health

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Building code

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Fire alarms must be set at what heights

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No more than 4 1/2 ft and not less than 3 1/2 ft above floors

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What are the three sources of building failure

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Structural Integrity, building systems, design deficiencies

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Amount of fuel present expressed quantitatively in terms of weight of fuel per unit. This may be available fuel or total and usually dry weight

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Fuel loading

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The incorporation of such environmental principles as energy-efficient see and environmentally friendly materials into design and construction

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Green design

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The most significant characteristic of a building is not it's architectural style but how

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It behaves under fire conditions

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All building code classified buildings by construction type, based on two attributes of building construction

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Fire resistance and combustibility

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The ability of a structural assembly to maintain its load bearing capacity and structural integrity under fire conditions

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Fire resistance

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The amount of time and material will resist a typical fire as measure on the standard time temperature curve

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Fire resistance rating

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What is the primary fire hazard in Type IV

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The massive amount of fuel presented by the large structural members plus building contents

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Type V structures are required to have a fire resistance of how long for structural members

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1-hour

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Method for construction of wood frame buildings

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Light frame construction

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Maximum heat that would be released if all the available fuel any building was consumed. The product of the weight of combustibles multiplied by the heat of the combustion

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Fire load/fuel load

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Defined as any effect or force that a structured must resist

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Load

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Wind exerts the following basic forces on the building

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Direct pressure, aerodynamic pressure, and negative pressure

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What are secondary effects to a building due to wind

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Rocking effect, vibration, clean off effect

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Which secondary effect is of concern when the building has projections such as canopies and parapets

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Clean off effect

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What are the most complex forces exerted on the building

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Seismic forces

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Where the soil is of a loose, Sandy nature and is saturated with water

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Soil liquefication

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The tendency of a body to remain in motion or at rest until it is acted upon

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Inertia

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The pressure exerted by the soil against the foundation

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Active soil pressure

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The pressure exerted by the soil against the foundation

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Active soil pressure

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The force of the foundation against the soil

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Passive soil pressure

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Weight of any permanent part of the building to include permanent equipment such as air-conditioners

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Dad load

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Any load that is not fixed or permanent such as contents snow or rain

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Live load

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Load that is applied at one point or over a small area

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Concentrated load

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Load that is applied at one point or over a small area

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Concentrated load

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Load exerted on a roof from the weight of snow

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Snow load

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Water from firefighting operations discharging at 250 GPM introduces how much weight per minute?

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2082 pounds per minute

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In older buildings these provided openings through outside walls for drainage of water from upper floors

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Scuppers

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Loads that are steady or apply to gradually

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Static loads

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Loads that involve motion arising from wind, vehicles, vibrations, objects moving

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Dynamic loads

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What are the three interior forces

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Tension, compression, shear

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Wood has strength in the direction of

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Grain

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A measurement of force intensity and is expressed as force per-unit divided by the area over which force is applied

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Stress

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The stress at which material fails to perform satisfactorily

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Failure point

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The stress at which material fails to perform satisfactorily

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Failure point

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Exterior loads can be classified as

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Axial, eccentric, or torsional

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A beam that is supported on one end

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Cantilever beam

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Top and bottom portions of an I-beam are known as

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Flanges

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Structural member that carry lutes perpendicular to its longitudinal dimension

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Beam

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The stress at which material fails to perform satisfactorily

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Failure point

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Exterior loads can be classified as

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Axial, eccentric, or torsional

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A beam that is supported on one end

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Cantilever beam

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Top and bottom portions of an I-beam are known as

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Flanges

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Structural member that carry lutes perpendicular to its longitudinal dimension

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Beam

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Structural members designed to support on axial compressive load

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Column

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What is the weak point in truss-frames

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Gussets

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3 dimensional truss structures

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Space frame

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Thin stretched material building ex. Tent

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Membrane structure

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Building codes allow these structures for

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180 days. fire codes less than 180

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Buildings must have one stairway generally required to extend to the roof unless the slope in the buildings is steep in buildings of how many stories?

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4 or more stories

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Stairs that are not part of the means of egress

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Continence stairs

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The two most common types of power for elevators is

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Hydraulic and electric

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What type of elevator is most common on buildings over 6 stories high

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Traction elevators

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Generally inaccessible space between layer of building materials

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Interstitial space

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What type of construction has structural members that are of noncombustible construction that has a specified fire resistance

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Type I- fire resistive

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What type of construction is noncombustible can be either protected or non protected

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Type II- protected Noncombustible or non combustible

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What type of construction is frequently constructed with exterior walls of Masonary, and interior structural members are permitted to be partially or wholly combustible. Interior may be covered in plaster or gypsum

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Type III- exterior protected (masonry or ordinary)

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What is the fundamental fire concern in type III

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Concealed space created between floor and ceiling joist between studs in partition walls when they're covered with finish

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What type of construction is heavy timber or "mill" exterior

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Type IV- heavy timber

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What type of construction allows all major structural components are permitted to be combustible construction

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Type V- wood frame

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What is a fundamental part with type V when he comes to firefighting

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The creation of combustible concealed voids and channels more expensive than type III

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Water from firefighting operations can add what kind of load to building

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Live load

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The ratio of the failure point of the material to the maximum design stress

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Factor of safety

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Which beam is capable of supporting greater loads, short or tall beams

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Tall beams

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The name for the curve such as on bridge cables

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Parabola curve

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Supports itself and the weight of the roof and other internal structural framing components

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Bearing walls

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Tapered sets of steel does that wedged against the guide rails to bring an elevator from freefalling to a stop

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Car safety's

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Electric switch that removes power to eight elevator before it reaches the upper or lower limits

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Terminal Device

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Vertical pathways in a building that contains utility services

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Utility chase

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Used for express elevators that serve only upper floors

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Blind hoist ways

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Concealed vertical channel in which pipes and other utility conduits are housed

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Pipe chase

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Concealed vertical channel in which pipes and other utility conduits are housed

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Pipe chase

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Vertical shaft with self-closing axis door on every floor extending from basement to ground floor

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Refuse chute (Trash-laundry)

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Exposed interior surface of buildings commonly referred to the finish on the walls and ceilings

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Interior finish\interior lining

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The degree to which buyer can spread over the surface of the material

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Surface burning characteristic

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What is the max flame spread rating

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200

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Where is the most critical application of material in the building

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The ceiling because heat rises

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A measure of the relative visual up security created by the smoke for a tested material

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Smoke developed rating

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A measure of the relative visual up security created by the smoke for a tested material

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Smoke developed rating

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Codes limit the max smoke developed to

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450

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Area walls are directed to limit the maximum spread of fire. Usually extend from foundation through roof

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Firewalls

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Glass or thermal plastic panel in the window that allows light to pass

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Glazing

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What are two types of fire doors

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Builders hardware and fire door hardware. Builders are swinging doors, fire doors are both sliding and swinging

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Metal composed of tin and lead used in fire doors

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Terneplate

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Metal composed of tin and lead used in fire doors

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Terneplate

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Smooth galvanized sheet metal used on wood core and used in fire doors

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Kalamein doors

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Fire doors made of galvanize steel or terneplate are often called

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Tin clad

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beam supported at each end and is free to rotate at the ends

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simply supported beams

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The primary design consideration of beams is their ability to resist what?

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bending, the other ones are columns, they are not designed to bend