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423 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Spread of Buddhism
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500 bc - 600 ad
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Padinervana of the Buddha does not mean
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Death of the historical Buddha
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Buddha means
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Enlightened one
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Samsara:
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Cycle of life and death
Uses karma Starts with ignorance |
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Buddha is one who...
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Is outside of samsara
Achieved nirvana Is a seer (knows his past lives) Has perfected his senses (through discipline) |
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Nirvana:
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State of perfection
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Vedic beliefs:
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Gods associated with the elements
Chant mantras or make sacrifices to appeal to the gods |
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Upanishads:
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Dialog between student and teacher
Philosophical teachings of karma, rebirth, etc Yoga & meditation were developed 4 internal sacrifice and purifying karma |
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Atman:
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Self
Something eternal embodied Manifestation of god |
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Brahman:
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Universal self
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Veda tradition became...
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Hinduism and the caste system
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Priests called Brahman preform...
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Rituals and oral tradition of mantra
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Rta:
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Moral, social, and universal order
Extremely important in Vedic tradition |
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Gautama wasn't satisfied with...
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Going through the Vedas and Brahmans
The idea of an eternal self The idea gods were eternal |
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Because he was dissatisfied, buddha became a ..., a wanderer who tries different religions and techniques
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Shramanas
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Jainism was developed by a...
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Shraman
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Buddahcaritam:
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Buddha's story
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5 - 6 realms of samsara:
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Human
Hell beings Gods Hungry ghosts Asuras Animals |
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Shakyamuni buddha:
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Siddhartha (end who is accomplished)
Gautama Tathagata (one who has come or gone) Jina (one who has conquered) Shakya (family name) |
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Buddha's story:
Up until his birth |
King sought seer Ashita
Ashita predicts world leader or chakravartin Queen dreams of a white elephant |
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White elephant symbolizes:
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Pure royalty
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Buddha's story:
Birth |
From the queen's side without pain
Under a bodhi tree Golden skin Took 7 steps Speaks about freeing ppl from suffering and his last birth |
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Buddha's story:
Palace life |
Sheltered, privileged life
Wed the most beautiful princess Had a son (Rahula = 'fetter') Feels dissatisfied and curious, so he goes out Sees 4 sights Imagines the party dead Leaves because he feels no control |
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4 sights:
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Sick man
Old man Dead man Seeker |
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Buddha's story:
Searching |
7 years
Tried several practices and excelled, but found no answers Ascetic life Abandons ascetic life and Sujata gives him rice milk Realized he needed just enough sustenance to find the way |
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Ascetics:
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Discipline themselves by denying their body (no eating or pleasure)
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Chakravartin:
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Wheel-turner
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Buddha's life with his family represents...
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A life of connections
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4 sights signify...
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A lack of control
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Moksha:
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Liberated from karma
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Buddha's story:
Bodhi tree |
Declares he won't leave the tree until he finds answers
Cobra shelters buddha from the rain Bhumisparsha 5 ascetics witness his enlightenment and become his first disciples |
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Dharma:
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Teaching of the Buddha
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Bodhisattva:
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Someone who is preparing to become a Buddha
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It isn't enough to understand reality intellectually, you need to...
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Experience reality in order to get answers
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First watch of the night:
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Recollection of his and others past lives
Gets incentive of compassion |
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Second watch of the night:
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Realizes sight is wisdom
Recognizes samsara and the 5 realms Recognizes karma |
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Karma:
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Law of cause and effect
Summation of consequences related to intention |
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Third watch of the night:
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Sees useless repetition
People are blind and unaware Stop ignorance/desire & then you stop acting, then samsara stops Becomes buddha Found no atman Acknowledges he's not the first to experience enlightenment |
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Tanha:
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Desire
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Fourth watch of the night:
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All of samsara recognizes buddha's enlightenment
Experience affected everyone else (who felt no bad emotions/desires/etc) |
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Some Buddhas decide not...
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To teach
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Bhumisparsha:
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Movement to touch the ground
The deity of earth is bearing witness to buddha's enlightenment |
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Enlightenment does not always mean...
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Nirvana
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Sutra:
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Collection of the texts of the teachings of the Buddhas
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4 noble truths:
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Life is dukkah - changes, we are attached to things that change
Origin of dukkah - tanha, often sensual pleasures Cessation of dukkah - everything fades 8 fold path - not just intellectual, needs to be lived out |
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Dukkah:
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Dissatisfaction
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Dharmachakra:
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Wheel of buddha
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Dharmachakra-pravartana:
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Wheel turning buddha
Buddha's first sermon 4 truths |
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Buddhavacana:
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Texts that came from the mouth of buddha
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Karma is reflected on...
Because of Buddha's enlightenment... |
One's body
His body glowed |
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Experience is important, you can't just...
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Think about it intellectually
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Buddha told men (and later women) to leave... and started the...
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Home for homelessness
Monastic tradition |
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Miracle of Shravasti:
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Buddha duplicated himself several thousand times during a debate to prove his power
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Bhikshu:
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Wanderer
Early idea of a monk |
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Bhikshu were only allowed...
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A robe and a begging bowl (had to eat anything put in the begging bowl)
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Vinaya:
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Monastic rules (based on experiences)
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Monks have to have a... relationship with...
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Symbiotic
The world |
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Originally, monks only settled down during... and stayed in..., which later turned into...
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The three months of the rainy season
Parks Buildings and settling down for good |
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Tri Ratna:
Also called... |
The 3 jewels
Buddha Dharma Samgha |
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Samgha:
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Monastic institution that shows the world how to live
Also called the 4 fold assembly |
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Bhikshuri:
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Female Buddhist monks
Follow the 8 heavy rules |
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Women who wanted to become monks had to ask... times to become monks.
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Three
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4 fold assembly:
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Buddha
Bhikshu Bhikshuri Ordinary people |
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Buddha's story:
Death |
Told Amanda to get the 7 tribes to prepare his body and divide it 7 ways
Entered parinirvana before death 7 relics were put in a stupa |
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Parinirvana:
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Destroying one's karmic remainder and existing in another state outside samsara
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If you want to be a Buddhist, you ask...
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To seek refuge in Tri Ratna
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8 fold path:
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Way to perfect body, speech, and mind
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Anatman:
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Literally, "no self"
The changeable self 5 skandahs |
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One's name gives the illusion of...
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Ego, but there isn't one
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In Buddhism, it doesn't make sense that one is...
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Attached to something that changes
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5 skandahs:
Also called... |
Aggregates
Form Perception Sensations Predesposition Conciousness |
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When you are reborn, you carry... with you
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The 5 skandahs
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The 5 skandahs work together to...
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Make up a person
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Shunyata:
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Emptiness
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Everything is...
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Shunyata
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Dharmas:
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Phenomena
Like atoms, constantly changing and make up everything |
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2 truths:
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Conventional truth: things are eternal/solid
Ultimate truth: everything is empty/changes |
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Liberation:
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Get out of samsara
Poison arrow story |
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Poison arrow story:
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Are you going to ask questions like who shot the poison arrow at you when it's still in your side?
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Rebirth: particular actions create...
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Particular forms
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To move to a different level in samsara, you must gain...
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Understanding
Experience |
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Buddha is differentiated from other religions because people are... for their actions, they can't...
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Solely responsible
Blame a god |
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You can get out of your level in samsara by... or even by saying the name of Buddha
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Realizing after being exposed to the teaching (from previous lives of meeting Buddha) and the intention of wanting to help others
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Whatever you do will happen...
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To you, but worse
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In the god realm, the gods enjoy themselves so much they...
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Forget dharma
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Pleasure is...
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Imperminate
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Seek liberation to liberate/save...
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Everyone, not just yourself
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Men are more desirable to be as women because men...
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Have less responsibilities and thus more opportunity to renounce the world and become a Buddha
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The 4 sights made Buddha see...
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Dukkah
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Hungry tigress story:
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Compassion
Symbolism (tigress=ignorance, Buddha=dharma, cubs=beings) Intention Dharma Merit Offering |
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King Candraprabha:
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Sacrifice
Excessive compassion Altruism Generosity/renunciation |
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Rupyavati:
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Act of truth
Compassion Detachment Intention Transformation/restoration Devotion Perfection |
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Angulimala:
Lit. "finger necklace" |
Stopped desire - out of samsara
Follow the path Noble birth = monk Karma - punishment/pain purifies you Acknowledgement of intentions Acts of truth Need to question honoring the teacher (guru) |
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Parinirvana:
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Leaves for nirvana and escapes samsara
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Aryan:
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Noble person
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Many teachings and philosophical treaties in Buddhism come from...
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Stories
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3 collections of the teachings of Buddha:
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Sutra
Viniya Abidharma |
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Two major splits of Buddhism:
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Nikaya
Mahayana |
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Nikaya:
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Focus on stories of Shakramyuri, and his death
Southern Asia Be an arhat before becoming a Buddha Believe in future Buddha The 'origional' 16 different schools but only one left (Theravada) |
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Arhat:
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One who conquers karma
Striving to get rid of desire, but not yet a Buddha According to Mahayana tradition: thinking about personal liberation |
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Future Buddha:
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Maitreya
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Mahayana:
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Self proclaimed 'great vehicle'
Focus on the different forms/ways Buddha teaches in Northern Asia Expansion of the Buddhas and bodhisattvas Large canon Lots of Buddha worlds (pure lands) 4 turnings of the wheel of Buddha Dualism b/c we're biased and thinking with a sense of self |
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Mahayana believes Nikaya is:
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Narrow and limiting
Selfish and only concerned with arhat Hinayana (lit. 'inferior vehicle') |
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Nikaya and Mahayana accuse each other of...
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Making up sutras
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The word of Buddha is... the truth
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Pointing to
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Third (less significant) split:
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Vajrayana
Lit. 'thunderbolt vehicle' |
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Shravakas:
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Early followers of the Buddha who heard his teaching
Hearers |
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Pratyekkabuddha:
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Solitary Buddha
Buddha who doesn't teach |
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Bodhisattva according to Mahayana tradition:
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Training to be a Buddha and out of compassion teaches others by upaya (according to people's abilities)
Appear when needed Include the past lives of Shakyamuni Lotus - not tainted by the world Doesn't accrue karma Accessible savior figure |
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Two truths according to Mahayana tradition:
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Conventional truth because of convention/maya
Absolute truth because of disclosing true characteristics |
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Two truths according to Hinayana/Nikayana tradition:
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Conventional truth = what we think is true
Analyze conventional truth to get absolute truth |
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Buddha (in art):
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Long ears (sign of royalty)
Monk robes Curly hair Alms bowl On lotus Meditation/reclining |
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Bodhisattva (in art):
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Dressed normally (more extravagant than Buddha)
On lotus Meditation |
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Shakyamuri is often depicted with... to help him
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Two boddhisattvas
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Avalokitishvara:
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Lit. 'lord who looks down'
One Shakyamuri's boddhisattva helpers Often on the right Known for altruistic compassion |
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Buddhas and boddhisattvas often...
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Work together
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Avalokitishvara's story:
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Help everyone in all the different realms
Made a vow to fall apart if he hesitates to help Gets exhausted and falls apart Amitabha Buddha puts him back together w/ 11 heads & 1000 arms w/ eyes in palms Essence of compassion |
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Prajna:
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Infinite wisdom
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Upaya:
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Skillful means
Ethics and no ethics (conventional vs absolute truth) Strategy/teaching tool Use anything in samsara (even pleasure) because the boddhisattva is not attached |
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Bodhicitta:
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Aspiration to help others (taken as a vow)
First step in becoming a Buddha |
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Sunyata:
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Emptiness
No self Nothing eternal that continues from life to life Interdependence |
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Traditionally, males show... and women show...
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Compassion
Wisdom |
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Bodhisattva:
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Convinced of sunyata, but believes in karma
Accepts nonself but compassionate for all beings - see everyone on the same level Intention in nirvana but active in samsara - not making karma, resides in nirvana but comes to samsara Gives, but doesn't expect anything back Goes through hardships to be a Buddha Points to the truth |
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Buddha is believed to be...
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Omniscience
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... keep us in samsara
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Emotions
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5 precepts: not to...
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Kill
Steal Lie Engage in sexual misconduct Use intoxicants (karma, pleasure, illusion) |
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Control your mind to control...
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What will happen
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Enlightenment appears in different ways:
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Form body
Irreversible bodhisattva body Truth body (dharma) |
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Visualization to...
Making your thoughts... |
Reality
Real by visualizing it with your mind |
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Tathagata:
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Buddha
Thus come one, thus gone one |
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Ritual:
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Meditation and visualization
Make mandala See image of Buddha Honoring/giving Prostrations |
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Mandala:
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Geometric representation of Buddha's world
Focus for meditation |
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Bowing/prostration is a sign of...
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Respect and humility
Humbling yourself Trusting the other person No sense of self |
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Mahayana/tantric buddhism is...
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Ritualistic
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Burning house sutra:
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Father = boddhisattva, burning house = samsara (burning with desire)
3 kids --> lured out by pleasure - what they are attached to Great white ox cart --> purity, one vehicle is the way out 3 types of vehicles: shravakas, pratyekkabuddhas, boddhisattva Blatantly lying - outside the burning house, so unaffected |
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Story of the Capitan:
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500 passengers, but one is about to kill all the others and he will go to the worst hell
Captain kills one passenger - thus saving him from the worst hell and saving 499 lives Captain goes to hell then becomes a god Captain = savior figure |
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Siddhartha:
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One who is accomplished
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3 stages based on Vedic tradition:
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Student
Householder (artha, kama) Recluse/shaman |
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Karuna:
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Compassion
Equal among everyone Giving even though the body is empty |
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Buddha tried different... with all his early monks
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Techniques
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Emotions are...
Emotions give... |
Poisons that support samsara and create dukkha and attachment
You a perspective and make you see things one-sided |
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Buddhanature:
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Everyone has a seed to become a Buddha if exposed to teaching and see reality the way it is
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4 major protective meditations:
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Loving kindness
Contemplation of the different qualities of Buddha On foulness On death |
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Shravakas meditation:
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Monks go to cremation grounds to meditate on a beautiful newly dead body and watch it decompose
Shows beauty fades and everything is imperminate |
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Shantideva:
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Boddhisatva training
Still the mind to get rid of emotions --> single pointed meditation View of someone else is also view of yourself |
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Lotus sutra:
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Body is better sacrifice/offering than anything outside of you because you are more attached to it than anything else
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Body is useful to:
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Understand impermanence
Be offered |
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Tonglen meditation:
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Of giving and taking
Meditate in front of someone who is very ill = meditation of compassion/exchange |
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Sky burial:
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Someone of high position/who has sacrificed
Cut up body and given to vultures --> burial of compassion because you are feeding something else |
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Buddhist medicine:
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Monks trained as monks and physicians/doctors
Heal physically and menatally |
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Body and mind...
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Work together
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Subtle body:
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Body that is unseen that controls your health
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Body forms:
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Form body/emanation body
Enjoyment body Truth body |
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Form/emanation body:
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Enlightened awareness appears in a physical form
Buddha |
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Enjoyment body:
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Boddhisattva (flesh or statue)
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Truth body:
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Dharma body (no form just the teachings)
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Buddha's body is... because he is outside of samsara
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Perminate
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Form body:
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Illusion
Mirage Appears (is deluding) so it is sunyata |
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Sunyata:
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Anatman
Doesn't continue from life to life Not eternal Interdependence |
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Upaya even uses... and images of...
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Other religions
Benevolence and wrathfulness |
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Anatman:
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Changing, non-eternal form
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5 skandhas:
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Form
Emotions Thought Will Conciousness |
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Nikaya:
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Duality - singular perspective
Not in the middle way, at one extreme or the other Renounce everything to become an arhat (to become Buddha eventually) |
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Mahayana:
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No distinction between nirvana and samsara
No need to think Form is sunyata, and sunyata is form Overcoming dualism - contradictory statements cancel each other out |
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Heart sutra:
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Perfection of Wisdom collection
Out of boddhisattva meditational state Form is sunyata, and sunyata is form 5 skandhas are sunyata 4 noble truths are taking a perspective - need to negate Need to deconstruct a linear view Kill the Buddha - attempt to stop thinking one sidedly |
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Highest level is being a...
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Boddhisattva
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Making distinctions between... is Hinayana
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Bad and good
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Everyone is already... just need to stop being...
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Enlightened
Attached |
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Tantric Buddhism is..., a secret:
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Esoteric
Only accessible to only a few people Need special initiations and a teacher Tantra texts |
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Antinomian:
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Appear in strange figures (all different forms
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In order to stop linear thinking, you need to say...
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Something weird
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Embodiment:
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We can appear in different forms
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Tantric Buddhists are detached to...
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Gender
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Things change because everything is...
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Conditioned
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Tantric teachings are not supposed to...
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Be available to everyone
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Tantric focuses on the... not just the...
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Experience
Head knowledge |
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Different forms of Buddha:
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Siddha
Dakini |
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The word of Buddha has...
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Power
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Some of the tantric groups were traditionally considered...
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Outcasts - including women
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Esoteric:
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Secret, dangerous, and powerful
Quick means to enlightenment Requires a teacher |
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4th jewel:
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Guru/lama (teacher)
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Need to stop perception, because it is...
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Dualistic
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To say anything makes it...
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Dualistic
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Often a ritual to create the world...
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Of Buddha, either physically or mentally
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Self-identification:
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Realization that there is no difference between practitioner and Buddha
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Desire is a part of...
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Upaya
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Wisdom (...) and upaya (...) put together is...
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Female
Male Enlightenment |
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Deity yoga:
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Create a mandala
See the Buddha in the middle Identify with the Buddha Achieve self-identification |
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You are a Buddha, so your mind is...
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Naturally pure and untainted by karma
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Mahasukkha:
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Great eternal happiness
Achieved enlightenment with self-identification |
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Guru yoga:
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See your guru as a Buddha
Helps achieve self-idenification |
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Buddha has a continuum of...
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Enlightenment
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All Buddhas contain different aspects of...
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The Buddha
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Dakini:
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Women goddesses that ad guides to practitioners to help them go further
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Siddha:
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Accomplished figures that appear in different forms (usually human) that look like gods
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Need both... Buddhas
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Peaceful and wrathful
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Different... need different Buddhas
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Situations/people
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4 upaya ways Buddhas approach practitioners:
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Pacifying
Increasing Subjugating Wrathful |
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Pacifying upaya:
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Purifying/calm the mind
Removing hindrances and illnesses |
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Increasing upaya:
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Bringing prosperity and longevity
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Subjugating upaya:
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Attract power to get control over situations
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Wrathful upaya:
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Annihilating confusion and obstacles
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Union:
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Upaya/compassion + wisdom/emptiness
Shows non-duality |
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Don't give up worldly things, because then...
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You'll desire it more
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If you are not skillful, you can use practices for...
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Your own self-gratification
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Transform desire/emotions for...
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Higher means
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Enlightened beings have a consort to...
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Practice with them
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Union: completely give... without getting...
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Yourself
Self-gratification |
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Yeshestogyal:
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Girl raped became the teacher of the rapists
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Don't attach yourself to...
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A goal
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Practitioner projects... as a...
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The emotions of others
Mirror |
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All experiences should have...
No... |
The same taste
Attachment |
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Mahayana vs Tantric: paths:
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Mahayana - sees different paths
Tantric - doesn't have paths (already enlightened) |
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Yab-yum yoga:
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Father-mother yoga
Highest yoga In perfect equilibrium Not everyone can understand |
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Appearances of Buddha change, but he is...
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Always enlightened
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Tibetan Buddhism:
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Came in conflict with Bon
Kings made it state religion Focuses on Padmasambhava Buddha |
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Buddhism joins with... in Tibet
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Politics
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King wanted to know...
India offered... China offered.. Tibet adopted... |
Which Buddhism was best for Tibet
Gradual enlightenment Instant enlightenment Indian Buddhism, with some Chinese |
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Avalokitishvara boddhisattva:
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Also called Chenrezig
Patron deity for Tibet Holds a jewel and a lotus |
|
|
Some kings become...
|
Boddhisattva
|
|
|
Mantra:
Example: |
Power of the Buddha's word in condensed form
Hail to the jewel and the lotus |
|
|
Development of... progressed with the decay of...
|
Monasticism
Kings |
|
|
Theocracy:
|
Government run by religion
|
|
|
Mongolian ruler renamed his teacher...
|
Dalai (ocean in Mongolian) Lama (teacher)
|
|
|
Tibetan Buddhism incorporates:
|
Vajrayana
Nikaya Mahayana |
|
|
Nyingma school:
|
Traced to early Buddhism in the time of kings
|
|
|
There are different levels of...
|
Insight and enlightenment
|
|
|
4 major schools:
|
Nyigma
Sakya Kagyu Gelug |
|
|
All schools have an...
Some schools allow monks to... |
Open canon
Marry |
|
|
All schools show... and got involved in...
|
Upaya
Politics |
|
|
Sakya:
|
Sponsored by Mongol
|
|
|
Dalai Lama comes from...
|
Gelug
|
|
|
All Gelugs are...
|
Celibate
|
|
|
5th Dalai Lama... Tibet
|
Brought together
|
|
|
Tulku:
|
Teacher in a particular school intentionally decides to be reborn
Form + enjoyment body |
|
|
Comity of monks must find... and must...
|
The reincarnation of the tulku
Collect his previous life's belongings and find kids with special dreams/powers |
|
|
Dalai Lama is always... reborn
|
Avalokitishvara
|
|
|
Dalai Lama #3 was declared... by...
|
Religious and secular ruler of Tibet
Mongolian ruler |
|
|
Avalokitishvara can appear in...
|
Different forms at the same time in different places
|
|
|
Mantras invite... to the place where...
|
The buddha/boddhisattva attached to it
They are spoken at |
|
|
Goumindang (...) vs Communist (...) made a...
|
Nationalist party
Mao Zedong Civil war |
|
|
Communism:
|
Community collectivization
Live in communities and work the land together |
|
|
Marx:
|
Critiqued capitalism and proletariat over bourgeois
|
|
|
"Maoism":
|
Control people through the culture
|
|
|
Culture:
|
Not for the good of society
Imperialist Influenced by religion Challenge to Maoist ideology |
|
|
Communist China in Tibet destroyed...
|
Dalai Lama, his council, and monasteries
|
|
|
Cultural Revolution:
|
Last ditch effort by Mao to convince young people of communist ideals
Major attack on culture and everything that didn't fit with communism |
|
|
Great Leap Forward:
|
Claimed Tibet was always a part of China
|
|
|
Communism comes from...
Quote: |
Marx/Lenin
Religion is the opium of the poeple |
|
|
Dalai Lama:
|
Religious and political leader over everyone else in Tibet
|
|
|
17 Point Agreement:
|
Tibetans coerced into signing
Tibet becomes part of China Said the religious freedom would be protected (but change) |
|
|
14th Dalai Lama:
|
17 Point Agreement
Came into power early because of the complex situation Fled to India because his life was in danger Made a government in exile in Dharamsala, India |
|
|
Young Dalai Lamas have...
|
Regents to rule in their place until coming of age at 18
|
|
|
Changed to... political leader in exile, the... and the Dalai Lama...
|
An elected political leader
Kalon tripa Stepped down |
|
|
Tibetan Book of the Dead:
|
Liberation Through Hearing (in the Intermediate State Between Lives)
|
|
|
As you're dying, you're reminded by...
|
Hearing lamas chant the Book of the Dead
|
|
|
It takes... days to be reborn (it is...)
|
49 days
Process |
|
|
When you're dying, you see...
Remember these are... You can get out of samsara by... |
Projections of your past karma
Illusions and will eventually fade away Following luminosity (white light) |
|
|
You have complete control of..., when and how you...
|
Your life
Die, and your rebirth |
|
|
During death, you can reshape your karma by...
|
Remembering and applying Buddhist teachings
|
|
|
There will be signs from...
|
The dying person about their rebirth
|
|
|
You choose which... you are going to be born to
|
Parents, karma, and experience
|
|
|
There are no innocent...:
You decide and put yourself in... |
Victims
That situation of suffering |
|
|
Thoughts and feelings also determine...
|
Karma
|
|
|
6th Dalai Lama:
|
Regent embalmed the 5th Dalai Lama for ten years and pretended he was alive
6th was captured and held prisoner for years Had lots of affairs with women and wrote lots of love poems Finally the regent decided to train him, and he was very bright |
|
|
Get to the pure land by...
|
Self-identification
|
|
|
Destroy mandalas to demonstrate...
|
Impermanence
|
|
|
Use the mandala remains to feed...
|
Nagas (water spirits)
|
|
|
TAR:
|
Tibetan Autonomous Region
|
|
|
Kalon Tipa:
|
Prime minister appointed by the Dalai Lama as political leader
|
|
|
Minorities museum:
|
Joke
No respect |
|
|
Panchan Lama:
|
Second to the Dalai Lama
Amitaba reincarnation |
|
|
Chos:
|
Dharma
|
|
|
Shinto:
|
Indigenous religion of Japan
Shin Dao = way of the gods Linked to the land and landscape Concentrates on fertility and life Concerned with purity |
|
|
Kami:
|
Spirit
Exist in everything |
|
|
When... is stronger, kami have...
When... is stronger,... have kami |
Buddhism
Buddhanature Shinto Buddha |
|
|
There is a clear separation between...
|
The sacred and secular
|
|
|
Two ways Buddhism came to japan:
|
China-Korea-Japan
China-Japan |
|
|
Buddhism is clearly associated with...
Call for monks at... |
Death
Funerals |
|
|
Call for Shinto priests at...
|
Births
|
|
|
Susano:
|
God of the storms/sea
Brother of Amaterasu Troublemaker who angers Amaterasu |
|
|
Amaterasu:
|
Sun goddess
Ancestor of the emperor Sister of Susano |
|
|
Shinto was outlawed after...
|
World War II
|
|
|
Two main schools of Japanese Buddhism:
|
Jodo-shu
Zen |
|
|
Namu amida butsu:
|
Mantra in Japanese Buddhism
'pay homage to the Buddha Amitabha |
|
|
Bukkyo:
|
Buddhism
|
|
|
Butsu:
|
Buddha
|
|
|
Kyo:
|
Teaching
|
|
|
Bosatsu:
|
Boddhisattva
|
|
|
Mindfulness:
|
Focusing on a single point to get rid of distractions
|
|
|
Walking meditation:
|
Focus on self-cultivation, but also about community (interconnectedness)
Makes you concentrate on what your doing, so you won't get distracted |
|
|
We have... minds, always getting...
|
Monkey
Distracted |
|
|
Use mantras to... with the Buddha of the mantra
|
Become one with and concentrate on
|
|
|
Amida Buddha:
|
Linked with the western paradise (pure land)
|
|
|
Apocalyptic tradition:
|
Believe the dharma is in trouble, so need to do something quick, efficient, and as accessible to as many people as possible
|
|
|
Jodo-shu:
|
Pure land school
Founded by Honen |
|
|
Honen:
|
Learned from the Tendai school
Influenced by Shandao, who focused on Amida's ability to bring followers to the pure lands Exiled because he allowed even the impure to come to the temple Focused on nianfo |
|
|
Tendai school:
|
Located on Mt Hiei
Very powerful and conservative Politically connected |
|
|
Doctrine of Original Enlightenment:
|
Enlightenment is innate, we don't need to cultivate it
|
|
|
Japanese Buddhism tends to be very...
|
Elitist
|
|
|
Nianfo:
|
Very powerful mantra
Same as Buddhanusmriti (mindfulness of the Buddha) As you say the name, the Buddha's halite is will become yours |
|
|
Boddhisattva Dharmakara vowed to become...
|
Amitabha in Sukhavati (pure land)
|
|
|
Dharma Kaliyoga:
|
Degenerate age of the dharma
|
|
|
Critics of jodo-shu argue that chanting mantra..., and that Honen forgot about...
|
Is not enough
Shakyamuni |
|
|
Faith in Buddhism:
|
Tricky, because it is blind
Always need to be aware/think |
|
|
Just saying Amida's name...
|
Recalls all the virtues you need
|
|
|
Shinran:
|
Follower of Honen
Calls other Buddhist hypocrites because they're only interested in gaining merit, not being compassionate |
|
|
By reciting the name of Amida, practitioner becomes...
|
Disinterested in own merit
|
|
|
Zen: do the...
|
Opposite to trick your mind so you spontaneously achieve enlightenment
|
|
|
Zen student is given...
|
A koan to transcend and demonstrate his transcendence to the teacher
|
|
|
Amidist Pure Land School:
|
Pure land school dedicated to Amida
|
|
|
Power of sound is...
Chanting is... |
Very great
Very powerful (it focuses and calms you) |
|
|
The present moment is...
Shows... |
Most important because it's always gone
Impermanence |
|
|
Creating a mandala is creating...
|
A pure land
|
|
|
Being born in a pure land makes it...
|
Easier to attain enlightenment because there are no distractions
|
|
|
Nembutsu:
|
Mantra
Oral invocation of the Buddha |
|
|
Boddhisattva Dharmakara's vow to...
|
Be reborn in the western pure land Sukhavati to become Amitabha and help anyone who calls on his name
|
|
|
Shinran:
|
One of Honan's close followers
Established the jodo shinshu school Not a monk or layperson (because both have their own issues) |
|
|
Nembutsu no shinjin:
|
Nembutsu of true faith/entrusting
Deceleration of faith Trusting in Amida's name/vow and receiving grace |
|
|
Jiriki:
|
Self-power (merit)
Your actions gain merit because you are still attached Not enough to become enlightened |
|
|
Tariki:
|
Other power
Pure Land School emphasizes this Depending on something outside of yourself to save you Sole source of salvation |
|
|
Single-thought moments give you...
|
Grace and shinjin
Attain first level of boddhisattva |
|
|
Shinjin:
|
Faith
|
|
|
Jikiri includes the practice of...
|
Dedicating merit to others; only Amida's dedication of merit counts
|
|
|
From the government's view, Shinran is encouraging... because he thinks a bad man...
|
Lawlessness
Is just as, if not more, likely to reach enlightenment, since he's not attached to it |
|
|
Giving up to Amida is also giving up...
|
To yourself, since you are potentially just like Amida
|
|
|
Shinran: think in the mind of..., to help...
Don't focus on... |
Th common people
Them achieve enlightenment Non-duality |
|
|
Jodo shinshu school:
|
True Pure Land School
True, simple, quickest way to being a Buddha |
|
|
Amitabha also called
|
Amitayus
Long life Buddha |
|
|
Zen Buddhism:
|
Very sparse because you don't want to get distracted
|
|
|
Meditation:
Sanskrit: Chinese: Japanese: |
Dhyana
Chan Zen |
|
|
Any action can be used to...
|
Attain enlightenment
|
|
|
Make sure you are always...
|
Intentionally aware and in control of your actions
|
|
|
Purpose of koan:
|
Reflect on the duality of consciousness that acts like an obstacle to insight
|
|
|
Prajna:
|
Insight
|
|
|
Zen is a... tradition, but influenced by...
|
Mahayana
Daoism, Confucianism and Shinto |
|
|
Confucianism:
|
Hierarchal
Focus on ethics and humanity Founded by Konfuzi Filial piety |
|
|
Daoism:
|
Relationship between humans and nature
Balanced, harmonious relationship Learn from nature The Way Attain eternal life by ingesting elements of nature Alchemy The longer we live, the more we become imbalanced |
|
|
TCM:
|
Traditional Chinese Medicine
Comes from Daoism |
|
|
Zen demphasizes.... and focuses on... because...
|
Text and words
Direct self-realization through meditation and dharma practice You can be attached to language |
|
|
Koan: the sound of one hand clapping:
|
Stop logic and rational thinking
Intuitive - there is a sense something is true about it, but only if not using concepts (which change) |
|
|
Irrational thought detaches...
|
Us from logic
|
|
|
Kill the Buddha:
|
Collapse the path to enlightenment because we are already enlightened
|
|
|
Have an... understanding,...
|
Internal
Without saying a word |
|
|
Do not rely on scriptures as...
|
Crutches and attachment
|
|
|
Depend and independence not...
|
Dependence
|
|
|
Living with nature is...
|
Finding your own way (skillful means)
|
|
|
Realize One Mind:
|
Emotions make us different and create hierarchy
|
|
|
Stay in the..., not...
|
Present
Past or future |
|
|
Bodhidharma:
Teachings: |
Founder of Zen from central Asia
Transferred teachings to Chinese monks Don't use Buddha Buddha-nature is in everyone Realize enlightenment (not attain) |
|
|
Sign of transmission of the Dharma:
|
Robe
Bowl Copy of the Lankavatra Sutra |
|
|
Use... to dispel attachment --> can't rely on...
|
Paradox and humor
The teachings |
|
|
It exists because we...
|
Say so with our minds
|
|
|
Thoughts don't matter because...
|
They are dualistic
|
|
|
Wumen:
|
Gate of emptiness
|
|
|
Enlightenment is already there, and it will...
|
Pass by if you hesitate
|
|
|
Emotions come and go -> shows
|
Impermanence
|
|
|
Hatred has..., but anger doesn't have...
|
Intentional ill will
Intentional ill will |
|
|
Anger is... but hatred comes from...
|
Conditional, caused by something
Itself (not conditional) |
|
|
Some things are more...
|
Permanent than others
|
|
|
Hatred destroys..., and clouds...
|
Peace in an instant
Your mind in an instant |
|
|
Every emotion is...
|
Useful (even hatred)
|
|
|
You should change when you...
|
Encounter obstacles
|
|
|
Patience is the antidote...
|
To anger
|
|
|
Tolerance is the first level of...
|
Patience
|
|
|
Tolerance has...
Highest level of patience has... |
A limit
None |
|
|
Hatred effects..., not just the person who is hateful
|
Everyone
|
|
|
Human nature is basically...
Everyone has... |
Compassionate
Buddhanature |
|
|
If we realize everything is impermanent, there is no need for...
|
Emotions
|
|
|
Lots of the problems in the world is caused by...
|
Thoughtless emotions
|
|
|
Anger can be a..., but also an...
|
Poison
Antidote |
|
|
You get angry because you are... and haven't taught yourself to be...
|
Attached to something
Unattached |
|
|
Anger is...
Anger just finds another... |
Objectifying
Object to be angry at |
|
|
People change at..., so we can't be angry at someone and be...
|
Every moment
Stuck when they are not the same |
|
|
1st perfection:
|
Giving/offering
|
|
|
No Mind Koan:
|
Mind changes
No attachment Non-duality |
|
|
Mushin:
|
No mind
|
|
|
Out of zen and pure land schools came...
|
Martial arts and calligraphy
|
|
|
Mu:
|
Nothingness (but implies everything)
|
|
|
Zazen:
|
Sitting meditation
Experiencing mu By doing it skillfully, obtain enlightenment |
|
|
Joshu's Dog Koan:
|
Monk - dualistic thinking
Question - obvious and unnecessary, because Shakyamuni said all things have Buddha-nature (parallel to Angulimala and Bodhidharma) Joshu - gives an unexpected answer (to poison arrow story) Become mu - think and practice mu |
|
|
Gutei's One Finger Koan:
|
One finger - non-duality - everything is one (heart sutra, same taste)
Cutting off finger - spontaneously drastic measure to get a reaction (enlightenment) - without using words (skillful means) - destroying barriers (use of wrath) |
|
|
Buddha Holds a Flower Koan:
|
Not speaking - enlightenment is experience not words/text
Smiling - silent but understanding - accepting the Dharma Shows Zen Buddhism originated from Shakyamuni (India) Mind to mind transmission |
|
|
Joshu's Wash Your Bowls Koan:
|
Washing - no glamor of enlightenment
Rice gruel - enlightenment Already eaten - already somewhat enlightened - pride of being enlightened (poison) Washing - destroy pride (one taste) |
|
|
Not Mind Not Buddha Koan:
|
No concepts or attachment
Not supposed to give everything away - need to let the student learn Everything is one - no hierarchy (one taste) Mind is empty (no mind sutra, monkey minds) |
|
|
Zen is all about...
|
Deconstruction (break everything down)
|
|
|
Nansen Kills the Cat Koan:
|
Cat - attachment - delusions
Sword - cutting of ignorance (Gutei's one finger) Joshu - non-linear thinking - destroying concepts Nansen - destroying delusions Turning word - skillful means - make the listener become detached and get enlightenment Head and teacher's feet are sacred |
|
|
Buddhist art is responding to...
|
Hinduism
|
|
|
Purpose of Buddhist art:
|
Remember the Buddha and his teachings
Tools to achieve enlightenment |
|
|
Buddhist art embodies...
|
An enlightened being, especially after ritual consecration
|
|
|
Murtni, vigraha, pratima:
|
Presence/embodiment (of art)
|
|
|
Images represent... to make you realize you are...
|
Wisdom, and/or compassion
The Buddha |
|
|
Generation and Completion stages:
|
Skillful means for development
|
|
|
It is easier to... in front of an image
|
Concentrate on meditation
|
|
|
No images: Shakyamuni said...
|
Remember the Dharma not me
|
|
|
Relics: when Buddha is about to pass away, he lets...
|
7 tribes keep his bones in stupas
|
|
|
King Pansenthikoson and red sandalwood Buddha:
|
Shakyamuni goes to heaven to teach Buddhism to his mom, away 9 mon.s
King created a Buddha out of red sandalwood, who all the people paid respects to Buddha came back, and the Buddha statue moved out of the way for him He told the image to stay because the people would need him when he was gone |
|
|
Stupa:
|
Signifies the mind of the Buddha
|
|
|
Iconic:
|
Direct representation usually in human form
|
|
|
Aniconic:
|
Representational image
|
|
|
Creating an image is...
|
A sacred task, need to follow certain rules
|
|
|
5 types of images:
|
Buddhas
Boddhisattvas Wisdom kings Demi-gods or protectors Local manifestations |
|
|
Images are usually...
|
Sitting or standing
|
|
|
Mudra:
|
Hand position
Usually tells who it is |
|
|
Usually Buddhist images sit on... and hold different...
|
Lotus thrones
Attributes |
|
|
By standing on Hindu gods, the images...
|
Transform emotions and conquer
|
|
|
Long ears represent...
|
Royalty
|
|
|
Ushnisha:
|
Bump on Buddha's head
|
|
|
Bhumisparsha:
|
Movement of the earth witnessing Buddha's moment of enlightenment under the Bodhi tree
|
|
|
Holding the alms bowl helps...
|
Cultivate detachment
|
|
|
Phadinirvana position:
|
Reclining on the right side
|
|
|
Pagoda:
|
Stupa in China
|
|
|
Blue is a sign...
|
Of healing
|
|
|
If the image is holding a lotus, it is probably...
|
In the lotus family
|
|
|
Teachers of the school are on...
Protected deities are on the... |
Top
Bottom |
|
|
Thangka:
|
Tibetan cloth painting
|
|
|
Vajra:
|
Cuts ignorance
Male |
|
|
Bell:
|
Female
|
|
|
Tantric images...
|
Shock you so you don't think dualistically
|
|
|
Dakinis usually hold...
|
A staff
|
|
|
Tantric figures often have...
|
A crown of 5 Buddhas
|
|
|
Destroy a mandala to represent...
|
Detachment
|
|
|
Mandala:
|
Has Buddha and his characteristics inside
|
