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154 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the function of the Lymphatic system
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Fluid Balance, Fat absorption, Defense
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What Lymphatic System Function is this:
Approximately 30L of fluid pass from the blood capillaries into the interstitial fluid each day, whereas only 27L pass from the interstitial fluid back into the blood capillaries. |
Fluid Balance
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What Lymphatic System Function is this:
If the extra 3L of fluid were to remain in the interstitial fluid, edema would result, causing tissue damage and eventual death. |
Fluid Balance
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What Lymphatic System Function is this:
Instead, the 3L of fluid enters the lymphatic capillaries, where the fluid is called lymph, and passes through the lymphatic vessels back to the blood. |
Fluid Balance
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In Fluid Balance, how much fluid passes from the blood capillaries into the interstitial fluid each day
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30L
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In the fluid balance, how much fluid pass from the interstitial fluid back into the blood capillaries
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27L
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In the fluid balance, what would happen If the extra 3L of fluid were to remain in the interstitial fluid
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edema would result, causing tissue damage and eventual death
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In the fluid balance, where does the 3L fluid enters
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lymphatic capillaries, where the fluid is called lymph, and passes through the lymphatic vessels back to the blood.
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What is the name of the fluid that enters the lymphatic capillaries called
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lymph
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What Lymphatic System Function is this:
the lymphatic system absorbs fats and other substances from the digestive tract. |
Fat absorption
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What Lymphatic System Function is this:
Special lymphatic vessels called lacteals are located in the lining of the small intestine. |
Fat absorption
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What Lymphatic System Function is this:
Fats enter the lacteals and pass through the lymphatic vessels to the venous circulation. |
Fat absorption
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What Lymphatic System Function is this:
The lymph passing through these lymphatic vessels has a milky appearance because of its fat content and is called chyle. |
Fat absorption
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What are Special lymphatic vessels
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lacteals
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Where are lacteals located
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located in the lining of the small intestine
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The lymph passing through these lymphatic vessels has a milky appearance because of its fat content is called what
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chyle
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In fat absorption, fat enters the
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lacteals and pass through the lymphatic vessels to venous circulation
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What Lymphatic System Function is this:
microorganisms and other foreign substances are filtered from lymph by lymph nodes and From blood by the spleen |
Defense
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What Lymphatic System Function is this:
In addition, lymphocytes and other cells are capable of destroying microbes And other foreign substances |
Defense
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What carries lymph away from the tissues.
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Lymphatic Vessels
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What vessels is this:
Lymphatic capillaries lack a basement membrane and have a loosely overlapping epithelial cells. |
Lymphatic Vessels
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What vessels is this:
Fluids and other substances easily enter the lymphatic capillary. |
Lymphatic Vessels
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What vessels is this:
Lymphatic capillaries join to form lymphatic vessels. |
Lymphatic Vessels
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What vessels is this:
Lymphatic vessels have valves that ensure one-way flow of lymph |
Lymphatic Vessels
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What vessels is this:
Skeletal muscle action, contraction of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle, and thoracic pressure changes move the lymph. |
Lymphatic Vessels
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What vessels is this:
Skeletal muscle action, contraction of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle, and thoracic pressure changes move the lymph. |
Lymphatic Vessels
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What vessels is this:
Lymph nodes are along the lymphatic vessels. After passing through lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels form lymphatic trunks and lymphatic ducts. |
Lymphatic Vessels
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What vessels is this:
The thoracic duct is the largest lymphatic vessel. |
Lymphatic Vessels
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What vessels carry lymph away from the tissue
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Lymphatic vessels
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What do lymphatic capillaries lack
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basement membrane
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What do lymphatic capillaries have loosely overlapping
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epithelial cells
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What type of overlapping epithelial cells does lymphatic capillaries have
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loosely
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What can enter Lympathic capillaries easily
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Fluids and other substances
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Where do the Lympathic capillaries join to form what
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lymphatic vessels
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What joins to form lymphathic vessels
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Lymphatic capillaries
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What do Lymphatic vessels have valves that ensure
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one-way flow of lymph
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What ensure one-way flow of lymph
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Lymphatic vessels
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What do Lymphatic vessels have to ensure one way flow of lymph
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valves
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What moves the lymph in the Lymphatic Vessels
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Skeletal muscle action, contraction of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle, and thoracic pressure changes
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What do Skeletal muscle action, contraction of lymphatic vessel smooth muscle, and thoracic pressure changes do in the Lymphatic Vessels
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move the lymph
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Where are lymph nodes found
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along the lymphatic vessels
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What is found along the Lymphatic Vessels
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Lymph nodes
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What do Lymphatic Vessels form after passing through the lymph nodes
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lymphatic trunks and lymphatic ducts
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What is the largest lymphatic vessel
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thoracic duct
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What tissue and organ is this:
Lymphatic tissue is reticular connective tissue that contains lymphocytes and other cells. |
Lymphatic Tissue and Organs
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What tissue and organ is this:
Lymphatic tissue can be surrounded by a capsule (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus). |
Lymphatic Tissue and Organs
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What tissue and organ is this:
Lymphatic nodules are small aggregates of lymphatic tissue (ex. Peyer’s patches in the small intestines). |
Lymphatic Tissue and Organs
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What tissue and organ is this:
The tonsils- are large groups of lymphatic nodules in the oral cavity and nasopharynx. The 3 groups of tonsils are the palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual tonsils. |
Lymphatic Tissue and Organs
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What tissue and organ is this:
Lymph nodes- lymphatic tissue in the node is organized into the cortex and the medulla. Substances in lymph are removed by phagocytosis, or they stimulate lymphocytes Or both. |
Lymphatic Tissue and Organs
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What tissue and organ is this:
Lymphocytes leave the lymph node and circulate to other tissues. |
Lymphatic Tissue and Organs
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What tissue and organ is this:
The spleen- located in the left superior side of the abdomen. Foreign substances stimulate Lymphocytes in the white pulp. |
Lymphatic Tissue and Organs
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What tissue and organ is this:
Foreign substances and defective red blood cells are removed from the blood by Phagocytes in the red pulp. the spleen is a limited reservoir for blood. |
Lymphatic Tissue and Organs
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What tissue and organ is this:
The Thymus- The thymus is a gland in the superior mediastinum and is divided into a cortex and a medulla. |
Lymphatic Tissue and Organs
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What tissue and organ is this:
Lymphocytes in the cortex separated from the blood by reticular cells. |
Lymphatic Tissue and Organs
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is reticular connective tissue that contains lymphocytes and other cells.
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Lymphatic tissue
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What is the Lymphatic tissue surrounded by
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a capsule (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus)
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Where are capsule (lymph nodes, spleen, thymus) found
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Lymphatic tissue
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Name the two tissue in the Lymphatic tissue
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tonsils, lymph nodes
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Name the two organs in the Lymphatic tissue
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spleen, Thymus
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are small aggregates of lymphatic tissue (ex. Peyer’s patches in the small intestines).
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Lymphatic nodules
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Give example of the small aggregates of lymphatic tissue located in Lymphatic nodules
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Peyer’s patches in the small intestines
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are large groups of lymphatic nodules in the oral cavity and nasopharynx.
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The tonsils
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What are 3 groups of tonsils
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palatine, pharyngeal, and lingual tonsils
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lymphatic tissue in the node is organized into the cortex and the medulla.
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Lymph nodes
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What are substances in lymph are removed by
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phagocytosis, or they stimulate lymphocytes Or both
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In Lymph nodes, what do Lymphocytes leave out of and circulate to what
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lymph node, other tissues
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What is located in the left superior side of the abdomen
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The spleen
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Where do foreign substances stimulate Lymphocytes in the white pulp.
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The spleen
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In the spleen, Foreign substances and defective red blood cells are removed from the blood by_______in the red pulp.
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Phagocytes
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In the spleen, what is the color of the pulp that foreign substances stimulate Lymphocytes in
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white pulp
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In the spleen, what is the color of the pulp that foreign substances and defective red blood cells are removed from by phagocytes in
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red pulp
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What has a limited reservoir for blood
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the spleen
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a gland in the superior mediastinum and is divided into a cortex and a medulla.
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The Thymus
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In the thymus, where is the gland located
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superior mediastinum
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What is the thymus divided into
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cortex and a medulla
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In the thymus, what are Lymphocytes in the cortex separated from the blood by
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reticular cells
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What this talking about:
Is the ability to resist damage from foreign substances such as microorganisms and harmful chemicals. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Immunity is categorized as innate immunity (nonspecific resistance) or adaptive immunity (specific immunity). |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Innate immunity- in innate, the body recognizes and destroys certain foreign substances, but the response to them is the same each time the body is exposed to them. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
In innate immunity, each time the body is exposed to a substance, the response is the same because specificity and memory of previous encounters is not present. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
For example, each time a bacteria cell is introduced into the body, it is phagocytized |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
With the same speed and efficiency. In adaptive immunity, the response during the second exposure is faster and stronger than the response to the first to the first exposure because the immune system remembers the bacteria from the First exposure. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Mechanical mechanisms- prevent the entry of microbes (skin and mucous Membranes) or remove them (tears, saliva, and mucus). |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Chemical mediators-promote phagocytosis and inflammation. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Complement- is a group of about 20 proteins that make up approximately 10% of the globulin part of serum. Complement can be activated by either the alternative Or classical pathway. Complement lyses cells, increases phagocytosis, attracts Immune system cells, and promote inflammation. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Interferons- are proteins that protect the body against viral infection and perhaps some form of cancer. Interferons are produced by virally infected cells and move to other cells, which are then protected. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Cells – chemotactic factors are parts of microbes or chemicals that are released by damaged tissues. Chemotaxis is the ability of white blood cells to move to tissues that release chemotactic factors. Phagocytosis is the ingestion and destruction of materials |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Neutrophils- are small phagocytic cells. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Macrophages-are large phagocytic cells. They can engulf more than neutrophils can. They clean blood and lymph. Involved in the activation of B and T Cells. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Basophils and Mast cells- release chemicals that promote inflammation. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Eosinophils- release enzymes that reduce inflammation. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Natural killer cells- lyse tumor cells and virus-infected cells. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Adaptive immunity- in adaptive immunity, the body recognizes and destroys foreign substances, but the Response to them improves each time the foreign substance is encountered. -Specificity and memory are characteristics of adaptive immunity but not innate immunity. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
-Specificity- is the ability of adaptive immunity to recognize a particular substance. For example, innate immunity can act against bacteria in general, whereas adaptive Immunity can distinguish among different kinds of bacteria. |
Immunity
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What this talking about:
Memory- is the ability of adaptive immunity to remember previous encounters with a particular substance and, as a result, to respond to it more rapidly. Adaptive immunity involves the ability to recognize, respond to, and remember a Particular substance. Substances that stimulate adaptive immunity are called Antigens. They are large molecules. Haptens- are small molecules capable of Combining with larger molecules like blood proteins to stimulate an adaptive Immune system response. B cells are responsible for humoral, or antibody-mediated immunity. T cells are involved with cell-mediated immunity. |
Immunity
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Is the ability to resist damage from foreign substances such as microorganisms and harmful chemicals.
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Immunity
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What is Immunity categorized as
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innate immunity (nonspecific resistance) or adaptive immunity (specific immunity)
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Which immunity is this:
the body recognizes and destroys certain foreign substances, but the response to them is the same each time the body is exposed to them. |
Innate immunity
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In Innate immunity, why does each time the body is exposed to a substance, the response is the same
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because specificity and memory of previous encounters is not present.
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In Innate immunity, each time a bacteria cell is introduced into the body, it is__________with the same speed and efficiency.
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phagocytized
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In adaptive immunity, why is the response during the second exposure is faster and stronger than the response to the first to the first exposure
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because the immune system remembers the bacteria from the First exposure
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prevent the entry of microbes (skin and mucous Membranes) or remove them (tears, saliva, and mucus).
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Mechanical mechanisms
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In Mechanical mechanisms, give examples where microbes are prevented entry
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skin and mucous Membranes
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In Mechanical mechanisms, give examples where microbes are removed
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tears, saliva, and mucus
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promote phagocytosis and inflammation.
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Chemical mediators
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is a group of about 20 proteins that make up approximately 10% of the globulin part of serum.
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Complement
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How many group of proteins are in complement
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20
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In complement, what is the approximate % of the globulin part of serum
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10
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What can complement be activated by
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either the alternative Or classical pathway
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In complement, what do Complement lyses cells increase
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phagocytosis
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In complement, what do Complement lyses cells attract and promote
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Immune system cells, and promote inflammation.
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are proteins that protect the body against viral infection and perhaps some form of cancer.
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Interferons
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What are interferons produced by and where do they move to
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virally infected cells and move to other cells, which are then protected
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Name the chemical mediators
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Complement, Interferons
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are parts of microbes or chemicals that are released by damaged tissues
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chemotactic factors
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is the ingestion and destruction of materials
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Phagocytosis
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are small phagocytic cells
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Neutrophils
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are large phagocytic cells. They can engulf more than neutrophils can.
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Macrophages
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What do Macrophages clean
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blood and lymph
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Macrophages involved in the activation of what cells
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B and T Cells
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release chemicals that promote inflammation.
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Basophils and Mast cells
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release enzymes that reduce inflammation.
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Eosinophils
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lyse tumor cells and virus-infected cells are called
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Natural killer cells
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can be initiated in many ways:
-chemical mediators cause vasodilation and increase vascular permeability, which allows the entry of other chemical mediators. chemical mediators attract phagocytes. -The amount of chemical mediators and phagocytes increases until the cause of the inflammation is destroyed. The tissue undergoes repair. Local inflammation produces the symptoms of redness, heat, swelling, pain, and Loss of function. Symptoms of systemic inflammation include an increase in Neutrophil numbers, fever, and shock. |
Inflammatory Response
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In Inflammatory Response, what do chemical mediators cause
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vasodilation and increase vascular permeability
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In Inflammatory Response, chemical mediators cause vasodilation and increase vascular permeability, which allows the entry of
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other chemical mediators
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In Inflammatory Response, The amount of chemical mediators and phagocytes increases until the cause of the inflammation is
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destroyed
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In Inflammatory Response, The amount of what two things increases until the cause of the inflammation is destroyed
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chemical mediators and phagocytes
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In Inflammatory Response, after the inflammation is destroyed what do the tissue undergo
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repair
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In Inflammatory Response, what produces the symptoms of redness, heat, swelling, pain, and Loss of function.
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Local inflammation
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In Inflammatory Response, what symptoms does local inflammation produce
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redness, heat, swelling, pain, and Loss of function
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In Inflammatory Response, Symptoms of systemic inflammation include an increase in
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Neutrophil numbers, fever, and shock.
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In Inflammatory Response, what includes an increase in Neutrophil numbers, fever, and shock.
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Symptoms of systemic inflammation
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the body recognizes and destroys foreign substances, but the Response to them improves each time the foreign substance is encountered.
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Adaptive immunity
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In Adaptive immunity, What does the body recognizes and destroys
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foreign substances
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In Adaptive immunity, how does it respond to foreign substances with each encounter
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improves
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are characteristics of adaptive immunity but not innate
immunity. |
Specificity and memory
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What is Specificity and memory characteristics of and not a characteristic of
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adaptive immunity, innate
immunity |
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is the ability of adaptive immunity to recognize a particular substance
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Specificity
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What is this an example of: innate immunity can act against bacteria in general, whereas adaptive Immunity can distinguish among different kinds of bacteria.
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Specificity
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is the ability of adaptive immunity to remember previous encounters with
a particular substance and, as a result, to respond to it more rapidly. |
Memory
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In Memory, what involves the ability to recognize, respond to, and remember a Particular substance.
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Adaptive immunity
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Substances that stimulate adaptive immunity are called
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Antigens
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What type of molecules are Antigens
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large
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are small molecules capable of Combining with larger molecules like blood proteins to stimulate an adaptive Immune system response
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Haptens
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What type of molecules are Haptens
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small
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is the ability of white blood cells to move to tissues that release chemotactic factors
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chemotaxis
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In Hapten, what are small molecules capable of combining with
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larger molecules
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In hapten, name the large molecules that the small molecules combine with
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blood proteins
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In hapten, what do the blood proteins combine to stimulate what type of response
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stimulate an adaptive Immune system response
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In memory, what is responsible for humoral, or antibody-mediated immunity.
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B cells
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In memory, what are B cells responsible for
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humoral, or antibody-mediated immunity
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In memory, what are involved with cell-mediated immunity
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T cells
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In memory, T cells involved with
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cell-mediated immunity
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